Preparation and Properties of High-Temperature-Resistant, Lightweight, Flexible Polyimide Foams with Different Diamine Structures

Polyimide foam (PIF) is a rising star in high-end applications such as aerospace thermal insulation and military sound absorption. However, the basic rule on molecular backbone design and uniform pore formation of PIF still need to be explored. In this work, polyester ammonium salt (PEAS) precursor powders are synthesized between alcoholysis ester of 3, 3 & PRIME;, 4, 4 & PRIME;-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDE) and aromatic diamines with different chain flexibility and conformation symmetry. Then, a standard stepwise heating thermo-foaming approach is used to prepare PIF with comprehensive properties. A rational thermo-foaming program is designed based on in situ observation of pore formation during heating. The fabricated PIFs have uniform pore structure, and PIFBTDA-PDA shows the smallest size (147 & mu;m) and narrow distribution. Interestingly, PIFBTDA-PDA also presents a balanced strain recovery rate (SR = 91%) and mechanical robustness (0.051 MPa at 25% strain) and its pore structure maintains regularity after 10 compression-recovery cycles, mainly due to high rigidity of the chains. Furthermore, all the PIFs possess lightweight feature (15-20 kg & BULL;m(-3)), good heat resistance (T-g at 270-340 & DEG;C), thermal stability (T-5% at 480-530 & DEG;C), thermal insulation properties (& lambda; = 0.046-0.053 W & BULL;m(-1)K(-1) at 20 & DEG;C, & lambda; = 0.078-0.089 W & BULL;m(-1)K(-1) at 200 & DEG;C), and excellent flame retardancy (LOI > 40%). The reported monomer-mediated pore-structure control strategy can provide guidelines for the preparation of high-performance PIF and its industrial applications.

Automated summary

In this study, polyester ammonium salt (PEAS) precursor powders were synthesized and used to prepare polyimide foam (PIF) via a stepwise heating thermo-foaming approach. The fabricated PIFs exhibited uniform pore structure, lightweight, high heat resistance, thermal insulation properties, and excellent flame retardancy.