Related references
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Aneta Gumowska et al.
Summary: The industrial challenge is to develop modified synthetic adhesives to remove harmful formaldehyde and to test natural adhesives. In this research, high-density fiberboards (HDF) were manufactured using natural binders such as polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and thermoplastic starch (TPS). The mechanical properties of the panels were significantly improved by increasing the binder content in the case of starch binder, while reduced in the case of PLA and PCL.
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Norwahyuni Mohd Yusof et al.
Summary: The study investigated the effects of boric acid treatment on the physical, mechanical, adhesion, and morphological properties of bamboo strips. It found that the treatment had varying degrees of effect on different species of bamboo, but it provided several benefits including increased wettability, dimensional stability, and mechanical strength for bamboo strips intended for lamination.
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Forestry
Apri Heri Iswanto et al.
Summary: This research analyzed the effects of hot-pressing temperatures and the addition of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard (PB). The results showed that a hot-pressing temperature of 140 degrees C produced good physical and mechanical properties. Moreover, increasing the MDI adhesive ratio improved the MOE and MOR values. However, the internal bond showed opposite results.
Article
Forestry
Wan Nabilah Ahamad et al.
Summary: In this study, oil palm wood from the inner layer of the trunk was treated with phenolic resin and laminated with other hardwoods, resulting in improved properties. Higher resin concentration (20%) and compression ratio (30%) led to the highest weight percent gain, polymer retention, and density. The laminated compreg hybrid panels with higher resin concentrations (20%) exhibited better physical and mechanical properties.
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Forestry
Jozef Mitterpach et al.
Summary: This article compares the environmental performance of a cross-prestressed timber-reinforced concrete bridge with a reinforced concrete road bridge using life cycle assessment, and demonstrates the positive environmental performance of the wooden concrete bridge.
Article
Forestry
Richard Kminiak et al.
Summary: Adaptive control in the operation of CNC machining centers can minimize the risks associated with technological parameters. This study aimed to investigate the influence of feed speed, revolutions, and radial depth of cut on the noise and temperature of the tool during milling of wood-based composite material particleboard. The results showed that all parameters affected both the noise and temperature of the tool.
Article
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Elmira Kaffashsaei et al.
Summary: Binderless lignocellulose nanofiber board (LCNF-B) and cellulose nanofiber board (CNF-B) with a nominal thickness of 3 mm were fabricated from the sawdust of paulownia wood. Special hand-made cold press was used to increase the gel concentration of nano/micro fibers to 42 wt%. Nano-boards had higher dimensional stability and stronger mechanical properties than micro-boards.
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wan Nur Shasha Najiha Zainal Abidin et al.
Summary: In this study, laminated bamboo mat boards with five, seven, and nine plies were fabricated using G. scortechinii from Malaysia and evaluated for their physico-mechanical properties, formaldehyde emission, and flammability. The results showed that as the number of ply increased, the density of the laminated boards decreased. The 5-ply boards had the highest modulus of elasticity but the lowest modulus of rupture. The 5-ply and 7-ply boards exhibited better shear strength than the 9-ply boards. The 7-ply boards also showed the highest dimensional stability and all composites were classified as V-0 due to their flame retardant properties.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
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Daniel Koynov et al.
Summary: This study proposes three gluing methods to utilize defective timber by-products for manufacturing engineered wood panels. These methods enable a more complete and complex utilization of wood with defects. The physical properties (density and moisture content) and mechanical properties (bending strength and modulus of elasticity) of the laboratory-manufactured panels were evaluated according to European standards. The panels manufactured using method 3 and veneered with beech veneer sheets achieved the highest density (643 kg/m3) and bending strength values (28.6 N/mm2). The modulus of elasticity of the laboratory-made panels reached values up to 5580 N/mm2. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing defective wood pieces in the manufacturing of engineered wood panels.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jakub Kawalerczyk et al.
Summary: The study investigated the effect of propylamine addition to urea-formaldehyde resin on plywood properties. The results showed that propylamine adversely affected adhesive reactivity and increased pH. It successfully reduced free formaldehyde content and hazardous emissions, but deteriorated the bonding quality, delamination, bending strength, and modulus of elasticity of plywood. Therefore, the amount of propylamine added should not exceed 1% of solid UF resin.
JOURNAL OF ADHESION
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Marius Catalin Barbu et al.
Summary: The aim of this study is to analyze the properties of Paulownia tomentosa x elongata plantation wood from Serbia. The results show that most properties are improved when the samples were taken from upper parts of the tree and from the near bark spot. This study stresses the influence, in short-rotation Paulownia timber, of indicators such as juvenile and mature wood and height variation on the physical and mechanical properties of sawn wood.
Article
Forestry
Norwahyuni Mohd Yusof et al.
Summary: This study investigated the influence of species, adhesive types, and lamination configurations on the shear performance of laminated bamboo boards. It was found that PRF-bonded boards exhibited higher shear strength and bamboo failure, while PUR-bonded boards showed better bond durability with low delamination. Parallel lamination outperformed perpendicular lamination, and PRF adhesive showed consistent performance across different structural configurations.
Article
Forestry
Xiu Hao et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the fracture toughness and enhancement mechanism of bamboo-based composites at the cellular level. In situ characterization techniques were used to identify fracture behaviors and visualize crack propagation. Mechanical properties and nanoindentation tests were performed to illustrate the improvement mechanism. The results showed that bamboo-based composites exhibited longer deformation and higher bending load compared to bamboo, and the fracture was non-catastrophic with tortuous crack propagation. The primary mechanisms responsible for fracture toughness were the crosslinks of phenol-formaldehyde resin with cell walls and massive fibers in the composites.
Editorial Material
Polymer Science
Viktor Savov et al.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Ratih Afrida Lismana Sari et al.
Summary: This study developed a cold-setting adhesive based on polyvinyl alcohol (P), tannin (T), and hexamine (H), which, when combined with the cold-pressing process, can produce eco-friendly plywood panels that meet Japanese standard strength requirements.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sri Hidayati et al.
Summary: Black liquor, a by-product of the pulping process, contains lignin which is currently underutilized. This research aimed to investigate the effect of KOH or ethanol concentration on lignin yields and characteristics. The addition of 12.5% and 15% KOH solution resulted in higher lignin yield and improved chemical properties.
JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS
(2023)
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Chemistry, Physical
Marta Pedzik et al.
Summary: This study investigates the potential of using walnut wood residues as an alternative raw material in particleboard manufacturing. The laboratory panels manufactured with 50% walnut wood residues exhibited flexural properties and internal bond strength that meet the European standard requirements for load-bearing particleboards.
Editorial Material
Forestry
Ladislav Reinprecht et al.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ivo Valchev et al.
Summary: This study explored the use of residual lignin from acid hydrolysis as a binder in the production of ecofriendly, dry-process fibreboards. By modifying the adhesive system and hot-pressing regime, it was found that the residual lignin could effectively replace some resin binder and result in fibreboards with good physical and mechanical properties.
PERIODICA POLYTECHNICA-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Ali Dorieh et al.
Summary: Nanomaterials play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of MFR adhesives, improving mechanical properties, thermal stability, fire retardancy, and reducing free formaldehyde emission. The use of nanotechnology in synthesizing MFR nanocomposites can significantly decrease environmental and health hazards.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2022)
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Polymer Science
Viktor Savov et al.
Summary: This study proposes an alternative technological solution for manufacturing fiberboard panels using a modified hot-pressing regime and hydrolysis lignin as the main binder. The optimized adhesive system, composed of unmodified hydrolysis lignin and reduced phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin content, was investigated for its effect on the properties of fiberboards. It was concluded that the proposed technology is suitable for manufacturing fiberboard panels that meet European standards.
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Marta Pedzik et al.
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the physical and hygienic properties of particles obtained from the grinding of lignocellulosic composites used in production, and to explore their potential as alternative raw materials for particleboards.
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Roman Reh et al.
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Marta Pedzik et al.
Summary: Researchers and panel manufacturers are exploring new raw materials, such as forest residues and wood industry waste, to produce wood-based panels. This study compares the properties of different raw materials and finds that both forest residues and valuable wood from the Scots pine stem are suitable for producing particleboards that meet standardized requirements.
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Polymer Science
Jakub Kawalerczyk et al.
Summary: This study investigates the application possibility of non-modified nanocellulose and nanocellulose functionalized with APTES as a formaldehyde scavenger in UF adhesive. The results show that functionalization significantly reduces the formaldehyde content in the adhesive. Although nanocellulose reinforcement improves the mechanical properties of the boards, silanization has no effect. However, functionalization with APTES contributes to a decrease in formaldehyde emission from the boards.
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Agronomy
Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia et al.
Summary: Valorization of waste is crucial in fighting climate change and decoupling economic growth from material use. This study proposes the use of sorghum waste particles to manufacture adhesive-free particleboards and analyzes the influence of density on their performance. The results show that higher density particleboards exhibit better physical and mechanical behavior, complying with European standards and suitable for various applications.
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Milos Jerman et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the utilization of rape straw-based fibers for the preparation of binderless thermal insulation materials. The analysis of steaming temperature on the properties of the insulation boards reveals that 180 degrees C is the most promising solution.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ali Dorieh et al.
Summary: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in utilizing natural fibers as green reinforcing agents for improving composite materials. Cellulose and lignin materials have attracted global attention due to their abundant resources, renewability, low cost, and excellent properties. This research provides a comprehensive survey of the literature on phenolic composites reinforced with nanocellulose and nanolignin, showing that these materials have a remarkable effect on improving the overall performance of the composites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joanna Walkiewicz et al.
Summary: This study aimed to use various types of bark as fillers for UF resin in plywood manufacturing. The results showed a reduction in tensile strength and no significant improvement in strength parameters. The formaldehyde emissions varied for different types of bark.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Radoslaw Mirski et al.
Summary: This research evaluated the possibility of using sawmill by-products to produce wood-based panels and found that good performance boards can be produced through simple processing.
Article
Forestry
Iveta Markova et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the behavior of uncoated particleboards and OSB exposed to radiant heat, finding that heat flux significantly affected mass loss and time-to-ignition. OSB had higher ignition time and mass loss than particleboards, with thermal analysis confirming the differences in thermal decomposition temperature.
Review
Forestry
Muhammad Iqbal Maulana et al.
Summary: In recent years, bio-based wood adhesives have become a popular research topic for the wood industry as an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based synthetic adhesives. This review summarizes the recent advances in developing sustainable starch-based wood adhesives and discusses the methods used to improve their performance.
Article
Forestry
Marius Catalin Barbu et al.
Summary: This research aims to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia sawn wood from three plantation sites in Europe. The results show that Paulownia wood from Spain has higher density and strength indicators, while Paulownia wood from Bulgaria has the widest annual ring width. Paulownia wood has potential in lightweight applications and can successfully replace expensive tropical species.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Seng Hua Lee et al.
Summary: The use of alternative raw materials such as agricultural biomass and recycled wood waste in particleboard production is a viable approach to meet the global demand for wood-based materials. This study reviews and evaluates the current state of particleboard production using environmentally-friendly agricultural biomass and recycled wood waste, and discusses the challenges and future potential of these materials.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Review
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M. Hazwan Hussin et al.
Summary: Wood adhesives have been widely used in the manufacturing of wood-based panel goods, but the presence of harmful substances in traditional adhesives limits their application. Therefore, researchers are developing more environmentally friendly and high-performance "green" wood adhesives, such as lignin, tannin, and protein, to enhance the performance of wood-based panels.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
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Konstantinos Ninikas et al.
Summary: The addition of hemp fibers improves the mechanical properties of the insulation particleboards, while the thermal conductivity increases unfavorably with higher hemp content. Among the different panel types, the 70:30 ratio showed the best mechanical properties and optimal thermal conductivity, indicating successful production of low density insulation boards using waste raw materials.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE
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Forestry
Pavlo Bekhta et al.
Summary: The study found that beech bark can effectively reduce formaldehyde emissions and improve bonding strength in plywood manufacturing. Adding 5 wt% bark resulted in the highest formaldehyde absorption and best bonding strength. Additionally, plywood panels with all investigated bark concentrations met the requirements of the EN 314-2 standard for bonding strength.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS
(2021)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Marta Pedzik et al.
Summary: This article discusses the potential of using woody biomass from non-forest sources as an alternative raw material in particleboard production, and attempts to identify the raw materials with the greatest potential through a review of current scientific literature. Suggestions are also made for searching for new raw materials based on their production potential.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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Polymer Science
Marius Catalin Barbu et al.
Summary: The research found that the mechanical performance of particleboard decreases when BSG is added, but the impact is not critical for particleboards produced with 10% BSG, which could potentially be classified as suitable for non-load-bearing panel applications in dry conditions with good dimensional stability and stiffness.
Editorial Material
Polymer Science
Antonios N. Papadopoulos
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Ekaterini Rammou et al.
Summary: This study investigated the technical feasibility of manufacturing particleboards from seaweed leaves, with results showing that up to 10% incorporation of PO leaves did not significantly affect the mechanical properties of the board. However, the internal bond strength was more severely affected and 25% incorporation did not improve dimensional stability. Boards made from 50% wood particles and 50% PO leaves showed the best thickness swelling values, suggesting higher resin dosage or an alternative resin system could improve panel properties.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Kamran Choupani Chaydarreh et al.
Summary: The study shows that tea oil camellia shell can be used as a raw material in the particleboard industry, replacing wood and effectively utilizing resources. In the experiments, when 50% TOCS particles and 50% commercial wood particles are used in the mat, along with the appropriate adhesive, it can meet the requirements of European standard P2 and P3 particleboard types.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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Guenther Kain et al.
Summary: Peat moss is a promising resource for producing insulation panels with low thermal conductivity and good mechanical stability, suitable for insulation and filling purposes.
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Roberto Zanuttini et al.
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Polymer Science
Sofia Goncalves et al.
Summary: Lignin is a widely available renewable source of phenolic compounds, with only a small percentage used for value-added products, primarily in the form of lignosulphonates. Industrial attempts to use lignin in wood adhesives face challenges due to the low number of reactive sites in its aromatic ring and high polydispersity.
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Construction & Building Technology
Yasmina Khalaf et al.
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J. Santos et al.
Summary: Maritime pine is an important tree species in the Iberian Peninsula forest, with its by-products of bark, pinecones and needles being valorized using a steam pressure extraction method for the first time in biomaterial applications. The extracts from these by-products contain polyphenols such as resorcinol, catechin and phloroglucinol. By incorporating these by-products into particleboards, water resistance and internal bonding strength can be improved, while formaldehyde emissions can be controlled.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ana Arias et al.
Summary: This study aims to critically analyze the formulation of bio-based adhesives for wood panels, evaluate renewable material options, and identify challenges hindering further development. Methodi Ordinatio and VOSviewer software were used to identify high impact research and analyze keyword co-occurrence for discussion on research themes, types, publications, and journals. The review emphasizes the importance of methodological approaches and research designs for bio-adhesive production and suggests the need for techno-economic analysis and environmental assessment for market implementation.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
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Pavlo Bekhta et al.
Summary: The study found that LS can effectively adjust the pH of LS-UF formulations, and boards bonded with LS-UF adhesive showed similar properties to those bonded with UF adhesive. Substituting UF with LS decreased water absorption and thickness swelling of boards, with NaLS-UF boards having lower formaldehyde content. Increasing pMDI content significantly improved mechanical properties of boards bonded with LS adhesives, while boards bonded with pure UF adhesive exhibited better mechanical properties.
Article
Polymer Science
Petar Antov et al.
Summary: The study investigated the use of ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) as an eco-friendly additive to urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin for manufacturing high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels with acceptable properties and low free formaldehyde emission. Results showed that ALS can efficiently improve the performance and formaldehyde emission levels of HDF panels.
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Antonio Pizzi et al.
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