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Summary: The World Health Organization has been tracking the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020. Reported statistics on COVID-19 mortality vary across countries due to testing access, diagnostic capacity, and inconsistent cause of death certification. This study provides a comprehensive measurement of the pandemic's impact by estimating excess deaths globally, which are 2.74 times more than reported COVID-19 deaths. There are significant variations in excess death estimates across different regions, highlighting the need for better reporting.
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Summary: This study estimated excess mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic in 191 countries and territories, as well as 252 subnational units in selected countries from Jan 1, 2020, to Dec 31, 2021. The findings showed that globally, there were 18.2 million excess deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic during this period. The highest excess mortality rates were observed in countries such as India, the USA, Russia, Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, and Pakistan.
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Summary: Estimating excess mortality is challenging due to variations in expected mortality levels based on different choices. Our study shows that the estimates can vary substantially depending on factors such as the mortality index and method chosen, with country-specific variations leading to changes in rankings.
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Summary: Different modeling approaches were used to calculate excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic, and large variations in the number of excess deaths were found across countries. After adjusting for age, it was found that 8 out of 33 high-income countries had no overall excess deaths, there was a deficit in child deaths, and 29.7% of the excess deaths occurred in individuals under 65 years old. Additionally, there were significant differences in excess death estimates between countries like France, Germany, Italy, and Spain.
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Summary: The estimated changes in life expectancy and years of life lost in 2020 due to the covid-19 pandemic were observed to be significant in most countries, with a higher impact on men than women. The excess years of life lost in 2020 were more than five times higher than those from the seasonal influenza epidemic in 2015.
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Summary: The changing demographics of the UK population necessitate a shift in healthcare needs, such as an increased focus on health promotion and disease prevention. Challenges such as an ageing population, rising multimorbidity, and persistent health inequalities require attention. Successes in oral health improvement exist, but inequalities in health outcomes persist. Healthcare systems must address these challenges, including mitigating the impact of wider health threats like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Virginia Zarulli et al.
Summary: The main reason why women live longer than men is due to the lower female mortality rates at particular ages, which changed around 1950. In the past, excess mortality among baby boys was crucial, while now the gap is largely due to elevated mortality among men aged 60 and above. Young males have modest responsibility for the sex gap in life expectancy.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Medicine, General & Internal
Nazrul Islam et al.
Summary: Approximately one million excess deaths occurred in 2020 in these 29 high income countries, with the US, Italy, England and Wales, Spain, and Poland having the highest numbers. Many countries had excess deaths far surpassing reported deaths from Covid-19.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
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Article
Biology
Ariel Karlinsky et al.
Summary: The study highlights the importance of using excess mortality as a more objective indicator of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and reveals the varying levels of excess mortality in different countries during the pandemic. The authors stress the need for open and rapid reporting of all-cause mortality data for effective pandemic monitoring.
