4.7 Article

Face masks are less effective than sunglasses in masking face identity

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Psychology, Experimental

The effect of face masks on forensic face matching: An individual differences study.

Alejandro J. Estudillo et al.

Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition (2022)

Article Psychology, Experimental

Face masks versus sunglasses: limited effects of time and individual differences in the ability to judge facial identity and social traits

Rachel J. Bennetts et al.

Summary: Some research suggests that face masks can impair identification and trustworthiness judgements. This study found that both face masks and sunglasses can decrease face matching performance, and the effects of masks on social judgements vary depending on the judgement and whether sunglasses are present. The study also showed that the effects of masks do not diminish over time.

COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS (2022)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Incongruence in Lighting Impairs Face Identification

Denise Y. Lim et al.

Summary: This study investigated the impact of uniform lighting on face identity processing. The results revealed that inconsistent lighting levels significantly reduced face identification performance.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2022)

Article Psychology, Experimental

That person is now with or without a mask: how encoding context modulates identity recognition

Teresa Garcia-Marques et al.

Summary: The study examined the interference of masks on memory mechanisms involved in face recognition. It was found that the presence of masks during study or test impaired the correct identification of a target, but masks presented only during the test phase had a stronger impact on face identification. The results suggest that memory is an active process influenced by test expectations.

COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS (2022)

Article Psychology, Experimental

Impact of mask use on face recognition: an eye-tracking study

Janet Hui-Wen Hsiao et al.

Summary: This study investigates the impact of mask use on face recognition performance and eye movements. The results show that participants perform worse when the mask conditions during learning and recognition do not match. However, those who adopt more eyes-focused patterns during recognition of masked faces have better performance. Regardless of whether the faces were learned with or without a mask, participants tend to focus more on the eyes and have more consistent gaze transition behavior when recognizing masked faces.

COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS (2022)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Recognition of Masked Faces in the Era of the Pandemic: No Improvement Despite Extensive Natural Exposure

Erez Freud et al.

Summary: Despite the availability of critical information from uncovered face parts, especially the eyes, face masks have persistently impacted face recognition. The study reveals that the face-processing system does not easily adapt to visual changes caused by masks, even following prolonged real-life exposure.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The impact of facemasks on emotion recognition, trust attribution and re-identification

Marco Marini et al.

Summary: Transparent masks significantly preserve the capability to recognize emotional expressions and infer trustworthiness from faces compared to standard medical facemasks, but seemingly impair the subsequent re-identification of the same unmasked face.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The effect of face masks and sunglasses on identity and expression recognition with super-recognizers and typical observers

Eilidh Noyes et al.

Summary: Face masks and sunglasses presented challenges to face identification and emotion categorization, with occlusion reducing accuracy in all tasks. Super-recognizers were still able to perform better than controls in a mask-wearing society.

ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE (2021)

Article Psychology, Experimental

Testing encoding specificity and the diagnostic feature-detection theory of eyewitness identification, with implications for showups, lineups, and partially disguised perpetrators

Curt A. Carlson et al.

Summary: The diagnostic feature-detection theory (DFT) of eyewitness identification is tested by discounting non-diagnostic information at retrieval and using lineups with good fillers. Results supported DFT and encoding specificity, showing that match conditions between encoding and retrieval were generally superior. Importantly, the study also revealed that adding non-diagnostic information reduces discriminability for showups more than lineups and removing diagnostic information lowers discriminability for both showups and lineups.

COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The COVID-19 pandemic masks the way people perceive faces

Erez Freud et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

Article Psychology, Experimental

Surgical face masks impair human face matching performance for familiar and unfamiliar faces

Daniel J. Carragher et al.

COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS (2020)

Article Psychology, Experimental

Greater reliance on the eye region predicts better face recognition ability

Jessica Royer et al.

COGNITION (2018)

Article Psychology, Experimental

Memory for disguised same- and cross-race faces: The eyes have it

Thao B. Nguyen et al.

VISUAL COGNITION (2017)

Article Ophthalmology

Initial eye movements during face identification are optimal and similar across cultures

Charles C. -F. Or et al.

JOURNAL OF VISION (2015)

Article Psychology, Biological

Unmasking a shady mirror effect: Recognition of normal versus obscured faces

John R. Vokey et al.

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (2012)

Review Biology

Visual adaptation and face perception

Michael A. Webster et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2011)

Article Psychology, Experimental

Individual differences in face memory and eye fixation patterns during face learning

Takahiro Sekiguchi

ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA (2011)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

The role of eyes in early face processing: A rapid adaptation study of the inversion effect

Dan Nemrodov et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY (2011)

Article Neurosciences

A face feature space in the macaque temporal lobe

Winrich A. Freiwald et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2009)

Review Psychology, Experimental

Picture-plane inversion leads to qualitative changes of face perception

Bruno Rossion

ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA (2008)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Two Fixations Suffice in Face Recognition

Janet Hui-wen Hsiao et al.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (2008)

Article Neurosciences

Early face processing specificity: It's in the eyes!

Roxane J. Itier et al.

JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE (2007)

Article Psychology, Experimental

Memory strength and the decision process in recognition memory

Michael F. Verde et al.

MEMORY & COGNITION (2007)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

View-specific coding of face shape

Linda Jeffery et al.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (2006)

Article Neurosciences

Size-invariant but viewpoint-dependent representation of faces

Yunjo Lee et al.

VISION RESEARCH (2006)

Article Psychology, Experimental

Eye movements are functional during face learning

JM Henderson et al.

MEMORY & COGNITION (2005)

Article Ophthalmology

The role of eyebrows in face recognition

J Sadr et al.

PERCEPTION (2003)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Show me the features! Understanding recognition from the use of visual information

PG Schyns et al.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (2002)

Review Behavioral Sciences

The many faces of configural processing

D Maurer et al.

TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES (2002)

Review Behavioral Sciences

Recognition of unfamiliar faces

PJB Hancock et al.

TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES (2000)