Feature-based interaction between masks and target in continuous flash suppression

Continuous flash suppression (CFS) has become one of the most popular tools in the study of visual processing in the absence of conscious awareness. Studies use different kinds of masks, like colorful Mondrians or random noise. Even though the use of CFS is widespread, little is known about some of the underlying neuronal mechanisms, such as the interactions between masks and stimuli. We designed a b-CFS experiment with feature-reduced targets and masks in order to investigate possible effects of feature-similarity or -orthogonality between masks and targets. Masks were pink noise patterns filtered with an orientation band pass to generate a strong directionality. Target stimuli were Gabors varying systematically in their orientational alignment with the masks. We found that stimuli whose orientational alignment was more similar to that of the masks are suppressed significantly longer. This feature-similarity (here: orientation) based enhancement of suppression duration can be overcome by feature orthogonality in another feature dimension (here: color). We conclude that mask-target interactions exist in continuous flash suppression, and the human visual system can use orthogonality within a feature dimension or across feature dimensions to facilitate the breaking of the CFS.

Automated summary

Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is widely used in studying unconscious visual processing, but little is known about the interactions between masks and stimuli. This study used b-CFS with feature-reduced targets and masks to investigate the effects of feature-similarity or -orthogonality. The findings suggest that stimuli with greater similarity to the masks are suppressed for longer, but this can be overcome by feature orthogonality in another dimension. This study reveals the existence of mask-target interactions in CFS and highlights the role of feature similarity and orthogonality.