Graphene oxide classification and standardization

There is a need to classify and standardize graphene-related materials giving the growing use of this materials industrially. One of the most used and more difficult to classify is graphene oxide (GO). Inconsistent definitions of GO, closely relating it to graphene, are found in the literature and industrial brochures. Hence, although they have very different physicochemical properties and industrial applications, commonly used classifications of graphene and GO definitions are not substantial. Consequently, the lack of regulation and standardization create trust issues among sellers and buyers that impede industrial development and progress. With that in mind, this study offers a critical assessment of 34 commercially available GOs, characterized using a systematic and reliable protocol for accessing their quality. We establish correlations between GO physicochemical properties and its applications leading to rationale for its classification.

Automated summary

Given the increasing industrial use of graphene-related materials, it is necessary to classify and standardize them. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most used and difficult to classify materials. However, inconsistent definitions of GO are found in the literature and industrial brochures, which creates confusion. This lack of regulation and standardization leads to trust issues and hinders industrial development. This study critically assesses commercially available GOs and establishes correlations between their physicochemical properties and applications, providing a rationale for their classification.