Advances and Applications of Brain Organoids

Understanding the fundamental processes of human brain development and diseases is of great importance for our health. However, existing research models such as non-human primate and mouse models remain limited due to their developmental discrepancies compared with humans. Over the past years, an emerging model, the brain organoid integrated from human pluripotent stem cells, has been developed to mimic developmental processes of the human brain and disease-associated phenotypes to some extent, making it possible to better understand the complex structures and functions of the human brain. In this review, we summarize recent advances in brain organoid technologies and their applications in brain development and diseases, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, psychiatric diseases, and brain tumors. Finally, we also discuss current limitations and the potential of brain organoids.

Automated summary

Understanding the fundamental processes of human brain development and diseases is crucial for our health. However, current research models have limitations, but the emerging brain organoid model, integrated from human pluripotent stem cells, provides a better understanding of the complex structures and functions of the human brain. This review summarizes recent advances in brain organoid technologies and their applications in brain development and diseases, including neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, psychiatric diseases, and brain tumors. The review also discusses current limitations and the potential of brain organoids.