4.6 Article

Analysis of Flammability and Smoke Emission of Plastic Materials Used in Construction and Transport

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Energy & Fuels

Numerical modeling of flexible polyurethane foam combustion under two ignition modes

Yangui Chen et al.

Summary: This study investigated the combustion behavior and numerical modeling of flexible polyurethane foam, showing that the modeling results are in good agreement with experimental results under specific conditions, but still exhibit some deviations.
Article Polymer Science

Enhanced flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam with low loading of liquid halogen-free phosphonium thiocyanate

Huhu Zhou et al.

Summary: By synthesizing and incorporating a room temperature ionic liquid, TPT, containing phosphorus and sulfur elements into flexible polyurethane foam at a low dosage, enhanced flame retardancy can be achieved without compromising thermal stability and mechanical performance. The use of TPT in FPUF significantly reduces peak heat release rate and increases oxygen index value.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2022)

Article Polymer Science

Thermoplastic polyurethane composites based on aluminum hypophosphite/modified iron tailings system with outstanding fire performance

Mengru Liu et al.

Summary: This study explored the potential application of modified iron tailings (MIT) combined with aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) in flame retardant field. The TPU/AHP/MIT composites showed improved thermal stability and fire resistance, as confirmed by various tests, providing a novel strategy for utilization of iron tailings (IT).

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2022)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Toxicity characteristics and fire retardant performance of commercially manufactured organic insulation materials for building applications

Seunghwan Wi et al.

Summary: Traditionally, insulation materials were developed to prevent heat loss or gain in buildings, but they are flammable and emit harmful chemicals. This study evaluated the fire resistance performance of five insulation materials, with phenolic foam being the only one meeting the noncombustible grade criteria.

CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Airborne emissions from combustion of graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy composites and their cytotoxicity on lung cells via air-liquid interface cell exposure in vitro

Woranan Netkueakul et al.

Summary: This study investigated the emissions of particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the combustion of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-reinforced products, as well as the cytotoxicity of these emissions on lung cells. GNP was not detected in the emissions, but PAHs were found in both emissions from pure epoxy (EP) and GNP-reinforced epoxy (EP-GNP). The exposed cells showed no acute effects but exhibited activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and a transient (pro-) inflammatory response.

NANOIMPACT (2022)

Article Ecology

Fire Propagation Characteristics and Fire Risks of Polyurethanes: Effects of Material Type (Foam & Board) and Added Flame Retardant

Ji Hun Choi et al.

Summary: This study investigates the flame propagation characteristics of polyurethane and the influence of adding flame retardants. Multiple tests were conducted to examine ignition properties, flame propagation behavior, heat release, and toxicity. The results show that polyurethane with flame retardants exhibits slower flame propagation, residual flame, and delayed energy transfer to the inside.

FIRE-SWITZERLAND (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Reviewing the thermo-chemical recycling of waste polyurethane foam

Yimin Deng et al.

Summary: The global production of polymeric foam materials is increasing, leading to a rise in waste generation, which can be mostly recycled or recovered. The PU industry is committed to assisting in waste management. Thermo-chemical and thermal processes are key in recycling, while incineration is primarily used in co-firing schemes.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Investigation on the structural feature and gasification reactivity of bio-char derived from energy crop

Yun Liu et al.

Summary: The study investigated the effects of pyrolysis heating rate on the char structure and CO2 gasification reactivity of energy crops, revealing that bio-char obtained at a rapid heating rate had more structural defects and carbon crystallite imperfections, leading to higher gasification reactivity. However, this also resulted in a decrease in crystallization size, graphitization, and aromatization degree.
Article Chemistry, Physical

Effects of Various Types of Expandable Graphite and Blackcurrant Pomace on the Properties of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams

Rafal Oliwa et al.

Summary: The study found that adding blackcurrant pomace to expandable graphite composites can improve the functional properties of viscoelastic polyurethane foams, resulting in changes in parameters such as hardness, limiting oxygen index, and peak heat release rate. This change is related to alterations in the physical and chemical structure of the foams.

MATERIALS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Chemical compounds released by combustion of polymer composites flat belts

Piotr Krawiec et al.

Summary: This article examines the emission level of toxic chemical compounds most often produced during the thermal decomposition and combustion of flat drive and conveyor belts, testing six types of flat belts made of various polymer materials and finding that gas emission concentration limits for all the tested belts were significantly exceeded. Comparing to V-belts, flat belts demonstrate lower emission levels of harmful compounds. Additionally, belts made of modern materials exhibit no emission of hydrogen chloride compounds during thermal decomposition and combustion, unlike traditional rubber-based belts.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Surface modification of multi-scale cuprous oxide with tunable catalytic activity towards toxic fumes and smoke suppression of rigid polyurethane foam

Yao Yuan et al.

Summary: In this study, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) crystals of different sizes were successfully prepared using a wet chemical approach, and it was found that incorporating them into RPUF can significantly reduce smoke and toxic gases emissions. The nano-sized Cu2O with high specific surface area is particularly effective in promoting the complete combustion of RPUF and conversion of CO to CO2, demonstrating potential practical applications in polymeric materials.

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE (2021)

Article Polymer Science

Flame retardant flexible polyurethane foams based on phosphorous soybean-oil polyol and expandable graphite

Yin Yam Chan et al.

Summary: An alternative phosphorous soybean-oil-based polyol was used for flexible polyurethane foams synthesis, with the addition of 5% and 10% expandable graphite (EG) to improve flame retardancy. The combination of phosphorous polyols and EG showed significantly enhanced flame retardancy, with a three times increase in char yield, indicating a potential strategy for future flame retarded FPUFs.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2021)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Thermal insulation and flame retardancy of attapulgite reinforced gelatin-based composite aerogel with enhanced strength properties

Jundong Zhu et al.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2020)

Article Materials Science, Composites

Comparative study of toxicity for thermoplastic polyurethane and its flame-retardant composites

Chen Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS (2019)

Review Construction & Building Technology

Traditional, state-of-the-art and renewable thermal building insulation materials: An overview

Basim Abu-Jdayil et al.

CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS (2019)

Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Assessing fire-blocking effectiveness of barrier fabrics in the cone calorimeter

Shonali Nazare et al.

JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES (2019)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future

Nuno V. Gama et al.

MATERIALS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Thermal decomposition and flammability of rigid PU foams containing some DOPO derivatives and other phosphorus compounds

Xiu Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Cast polyurethanes obtained from reactive recovered polyol intermediates via crude glycerine decomposition process

Patrycja Jutrzenka Trzebiatowska et al.

REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS (2017)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Explosibility, flammability and the thermal decomposition of Bisphenol A, the main component of epoxy resin

Maciej Celinski et al.

JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES (2016)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Pollutant emissions during the pyrolysis and combustion of flexible polyurethane foam

Maria A. Garrido et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2016)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

Recent advances and future trends in new materials for sample preparation

Bruno Henrique Fumes et al.

TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2015)

Article Polymer Science

The effect of gas phase flame retardants on fire effluent toxicity

Shirley Molyneux et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2014)

Article Polymer Science

Heat release and structural collapse of flexible polyurethane foam

R. H. Kramer et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2010)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Comparison between emissions from the pyrolysis and combustion of different wastes

J. A. Conesa et al.

JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS (2009)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

The effect of temperature and ventilation condition on the toxic product yields from burning polymers

A. A. Stec et al.

FIRE AND MATERIALS (2008)

Review Medicine, Legal

Fire investigation and ignitable liquid residue analysis - A review: 2001-2007

P. Mark et al.

FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL (2008)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Detailed determination of smoke gas contents using a small-scale controlled equivalence ratio tube furnace method

Per Blomqvist et al.

FIRE AND MATERIALS (2007)

Review Polymer Science

A brief review on fire retardants for polymeric foams

JQ Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2005)

Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Commercial flame retardancy of polyurethanes

ED Weil et al.

JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES (2004)

Article Polymer Science

Thermal degradation of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU) based on MDI

M Herrera et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2002)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Toxic byproducts from the combustion of varnish wastes based on polyurethane in a laboratory furnace

MM Esperanza et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2000)