4.3 Article

SIREN - smart ventilation for infection risk mitigation and HVAC energy efficiency: a case study amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Thermodynamics

Quantification of how mechanical ventilation influences the airborne infection risk of COVID-19 and HVAC energy consumption in office buildings

Zhihong Pang et al.

Summary: This paper presents an EnergyPlus-based parametric analysis to investigate the infection risk of COVID-19 in a typical medium-sized office building under different mechanical ventilation scenarios. The results suggest that the COVID-19 infection risk varies significantly with climate and season due to the impact of heating and cooling load on the supply airflow rate. Increasing the outdoor air fraction can reduce the infection risk and save energy in certain climate zones.

BUILDING SIMULATION (2023)

Review Construction & Building Technology

The nexus of the indoor CO2 concentration and ventilation demands underlying CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation in commercial buildings: A critical review

Xing Lu et al.

Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of the revolutions of CO2-based DCV in commercial buildings, focusing on trends and fundamental updates, particularly the correlation between indoor CO2 concentration and ventilation demands.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2022)

News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

15 million people have died in the pandemic, WHO says

David Adam

NATURE (2022)

Review Virology

Long-term side effects and lingering symptoms post COVID-19 recovery

Mohammad Zarei et al.

Summary: As the understanding of COVID-19's pathophysiology and clinical manifestations improves, it is important to acknowledge the long-term impact on different organ systems. Clinicians should provide patients with expectations of long-term effects post COVID-19 recovery, and understand the risk factors and signs and symptoms for proper follow-up and management.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Development and application of an indoor carbon dioxide metric

Andrew Persily

Summary: Indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have long been used to evaluate indoor air quality (IAQ) and ventilation, as well as to discuss the risk of airborne infectious disease transmission. However, the significance of indoor CO2 levels, ventilation, and IAQ is often misunderstood. This paper presents an approach to estimate space-specific CO2 levels that can serve as a metric for outdoor ventilation rates.

INDOOR AIR (2022)

Review Construction & Building Technology

Advances in research and applications of CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation in commercial buildings: A critical review of control strategies and performance evaluation

Xing Lu et al.

Summary: This paper reviews the recent advances and applications of CO2-based demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) in commercial buildings. It focuses on discussing the control-related issues and presents the principles of different CO2-based DCV control strategies. The advancements in sensing technologies and actuating control devices are also examined. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the performance of CO2-based DCV and identifies common issues and challenges associated with its design and field implementation. Finally, conclusions, limitations, and perspectives for future research are summarized.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2022)

Review Construction & Building Technology

Review and comparison of HVAC operation guidelines in different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Mingyue Guo et al.

Summary: This paper reviews and compares heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning-related guidelines in several major countries and regions, finding that while most recommendations are consistent, there are still some conflicting details, reflecting the uncertainty surrounding the transmission mechanism and characteristics of COVID-19 in buildings.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Occupant-density-detection based energy efficient ventilation system: Prevention of infection transmission

Junqi Wang et al.

Summary: This study proposes a smart low-cost ventilation control strategy based on occupant density detection algorithm, which automatically adjusts ventilation rate to save energy and reduce infection transmission probability. Case studies show that the strategy can achieve 11.7% energy savings while lowering the infection probability to 2%.

ENERGY AND BUILDINGS (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

High energy efficiency ventilation to limit COVID-19 contagion in school environments

Luigi Schibuola et al.

Summary: By increasing ventilation rates, particularly through strong mechanical ventilation, indoor viral concentration and infection risk can be significantly reduced, making masks effective even at 50% usage levels, and bringing the reproduction number down to below 1.

ENERGY AND BUILDINGS (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effects of covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: time series analysis in 37 countries

Nazrul Islam et al.

Summary: The estimated changes in life expectancy and years of life lost in 2020 due to the covid-19 pandemic were observed to be significant in most countries, with a higher impact on men than women. The excess years of life lost in 2020 were more than five times higher than those from the seasonal influenza epidemic in 2015.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Correlation of Respiratory Aerosols and Metabolic Carbon Dioxide

Niklas Kappelt et al.

Summary: The study found a strong correlation between respiratory aerosols and CO2 concentrations, suggesting that CO2 measurements could be used to estimate viral exposure. While it is difficult to measure source-specific aerosols with low-cost sensors, the increase in respiratory aerosols and CO2 was linear over time.

SUSTAINABILITY (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Optimal control of high-rise building mechanical ventilation system for achieving low risk of COVID-19 transmission and ventilative cooling

Haohan Sha et al.

Summary: This study proposed a new ventilation control strategy by combining dilution ventilation (DV) and ventilative cooling (VC) to reduce energy consumption of mechanical ventilation systems in high-rise buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that proper settings of the mechanical ventilation system can reduce energy consumption by around 40%.

SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Study on ventilation rates and assessment of infection risks of COVID-19 in an outpatient building

Chunying Li et al.

Summary: A modified model combining airborne and close contact routes was proposed to predict the infection risks of COVID-19 in an outpatient building in Shenzhen, China. Results showed that the design of the hospital street with improved natural ventilation significantly reduced the infection risk to a negligible level, providing real-time prediction of indoor infection risk and assisting in spread control of COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Natural ventilation strategy and related issues to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) airborne transmission in a school building

Sowoo Park et al.

Summary: The World Health Organization warns of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in poorly ventilated indoor spaces. Ventilation plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of virus transmission. Studies show that opening windows can significantly increase ventilation rates, especially in public buildings and shared spaces.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Mechanics

Monitoring carbon dioxide to quantify the risk of indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19

Martin Z. Bazant et al.

Summary: A new guideline sets a limit on time spent in shared spaces with infected individuals, and rephrases this safety guideline in terms of occupancy time and average exhaled CO2 concentration for assessing airborne transmission risk. The guideline accounts for physical processes affecting pathogen evolution and modulates transmission risk based on total infectious dose and population fractions of susceptible, infected, and immune individuals. A mathematical model is developed for predicting airborne transmission risk using real-time CO2 measurements, with illustrative examples from university classrooms and office spaces.
Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Digital oximetry biomarkers for assessing respiratory function: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use

Jeremy Levy et al.

Summary: Pulse oximetry is used to monitor oxygen saturation levels non-invasively. This research aims to identify, implement, and validate key digital oximetry biomarkers to create a standard and toolbox for continuous oximetry time series analysis. The study demonstrates the clinical value of these biomarkers in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals

Yuan Liu et al.

NATURE (2020)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Visualizing Speech-Generated Oral Fluid Droplets with Laser Light Scattering

Philip Anfinrud et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Review Engineering, Chemical

Recent application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in process safety and loss prevention: A review

Ruiqing Shen et al.

JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES (2020)

Article Construction & Building Technology

The efficacy of social distance and ventilation effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 transmission

Chanjuan Sun et al.

SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY (2020)

Article Geography

Geographies of the COVID-19 pandemic

Reuben Rose-Redwood et al.

DIALOGUES IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (2020)

Review Infectious Diseases

Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: a commentary

Raymond Tellier et al.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

Article Thermodynamics

An agent-based stochastic Occupancy Simulator

Yixing Chen et al.

BUILDING SIMULATION (2018)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Performance testing of energy models: are we using the right statistical metrics?

Debaditya Chakraborty et al.

JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION (2018)

Review Construction & Building Technology

Smart ventilation energy and indoor air quality performance in residential buildings: A review

Gaelle Guyot et al.

ENERGY AND BUILDINGS (2018)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Carbon dioxide generation rates for building occupants

A. Persily et al.

INDOOR AIR (2017)

Article Biology

Modelling the risk of airborne infectious disease using exhaled air

Chacha M. Issarow et al.

JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY (2015)

Article Environmental Sciences

Is CO2 an Indoor Pollutant? Direct Effects of Low-to-Moderate CO2 Concentrations on Human Decision-Making Performance

Usha Satish et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES (2012)

Article Computer Science, Information Systems

A wrapper method for feature selection using Support Vector Machines

Sebastian Maldonado et al.

INFORMATION SCIENCES (2009)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Risk of indoor airborne infection transmission estimated from carbon dioxide concentration

SN Rudnick et al.

INDOOR AIR (2003)

Review Ecology

Ecology and evolution of the flu

DJD Earn et al.

TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (2002)