3D Macroporous Frame Based Microbattery With Ultrahigh Capacity, Energy Density, and Integrability

In-plane microbatteries (MBs) with features of facile integration, mass customization, and especially superior electrochemical performance are urgently required for self-powered microelectronic devices. In this work, a facile manufacturing process is employed to fabricate Zn-MnO2 MB with a 3D macroporous microelectrode. Benefiting from the high electron/ion transport path of 3D macroporous microelectrode and high mass-loading of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-manganese dioxide (PEDOT-MnO2) film, the MB achieves an ultrahigh capacity of 0.78 mAh cm(-2) and an outstanding areal energy density of 1.02 mWh cm(-2). Moreover, 3D macroporous PEDOT-MnO2 hybrid film is achieved by one-step electrodeposition, which effectively improves the cycling performance without reducing areal capacity or hindering the ion diffusion. Notably, the MB can stably drive an electronic timer for approximate to 400 min or be integrated and operated on the surface of a digital hygro-thermometer. The MBs are capable of operating stably in the high rotation speed and vibration condition, such as applied on the surface of an axial-flow fan. Moreover, the MB can integrate by stacking the substrate-free microelectrodes and achieving outstanding energy density of 3.87 mWh cm(-2). Therefore, the PEDOT-MnO2//Zn MB has good prospects as a next-generation component applied in self-powered microelectronic devices.

Automated summary

In this study, a facile manufacturing process is used to fabricate Zn-MnO2 microbatteries with a 3D macroporous microelectrode, which exhibit easy integration, mass customization, and superior electrochemical performance. The microbatteries achieve ultrahigh capacity and outstanding areal energy density due to the high electron/ion transport path and high mass-loading of the PEDOT-MnO2 film. Additionally, a 3D macroporous PEDOT-MnO2 hybrid film is achieved, which improves the cycling performance without reducing areal capacity or hindering ion diffusion. Therefore, the PEDOT-MnO2//Zn microbatteries hold great potential as a next-generation component for self-powered microelectronic devices.