Simplified Preparation of ppm Pd-Containing Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Chemistry in Water

A protocol has been developed that not only simplifies the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) containing ppm levels of ligated palladium that affect heterogeneous catalysis but also ensures that they afford products of cross-couplings reproducibly due to the freshly prepared nature of each reagent. Four different types of couplings are studied: Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Mizoroki-Heck, and Negishi reactions, all performed under mild aqueous micellar conditions. The simplified process relies on the initial formation of stable, storable Pd-and ligand-free NPs, to which is then added the appropriate amount of Pd(OAc)2 and ligandmatched to the desired type of coupling, in water.

Automated summary

A protocol has been developed to simplify the preparation of nanoparticles with low-level ligated palladium for heterogeneous catalysis, ensuring reproducible cross-coupling reactions. The process involves the formation of stable, storable Pd- and ligand-free nanoparticles, followed by the addition of Pd(OAc)2 and ligand matched to the desired coupling type in water, under mild aqueous micellar conditions. Four different types of couplings were studied: Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, Mizoroki-Heck, and Negishi reactions.