Journal
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 90, Issue 2, Pages 300-310Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.02.018
Keywords
actin dynamics; Alport syndrome; endothelin; glomerulonephritis
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of General Medical Sciences of National Institutes of Health [GM103427, GM110768]
- Creighton University School of Medicine
- Nebraska Research Initiative
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center Support Grant [P30CA036727]
- Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences of National Institutes of Health [P30GM10639]
- Microscopy and Digital Imaging Core of the Research Center for Auditory and Vestibular Studies at Washington University [P30 DC004665]
- National Institutes of Health [R01 DK055000, R01-DC006442]
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Recent work demonstrates that Alport glomerular disease is mediated through a biomechanical strain-sensitive activation of mesangial actin dynamics. This occurs through a Rac1/CDC42 cross-talk mechanism that results in the invasion of the subcapillary spaces by mesangial filopodia. The filopodia deposit mesangial matrix proteins in the glomerular basement membrane, including laminin 211, which activates focal adhesion kinase in podocytes culminating in the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases. These events drive the progression of glomerulonephritis. Here we test whether endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 is up-regulated in Alport glomeruli and further elevated by hypertension. Treatment of cultured mesangial cells with endothelin-1 activates the formation of drebrin-positive actin microspikes. These microspikes do not form when cells are treated with the endothelin A receptor antagonist sitaxentan or under conditions of small, interfering RNA knockdown of endothelin A receptor mRNA. Treatment of Alport mice with sitaxentan results in delayed onset of proteinuria, normalized glomerular basement membrane morphology, inhibition of mesangial filopodial invasion of the glomerular capillaries, normalization of glomerular expression of metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines, increased life span, and prevention of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Thus endothelin A receptor activation on mesangial cells is a key event in initiation of Alport glomerular disease in this model.
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