A ferritin-based COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine that elicits robust, durable, broad-spectrum neutralizing antisera in non-human primates

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Urgent Need for Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines

Peter W. Marks et al.

Summary: This Viewpoint emphasizes the importance of developing a significantly improved generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in order to provide greater and longer-lasting protection against COVID-19 disease.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Simplified Purification of Glycoprotein-Modified Ferritin Nanoparticles for Vaccine Development

Payton Weidenbacher et al.

Summary: Ferritin-based protein nanoparticle vaccines are being developed against various viral pathogens. Insertion of a polyhistidine tag on the ferritin surface simplifies purification and allows for optimization of early stage vaccine candidates. Four sites have been identified for insertion of the tag, enabling purification of both hemagglutinin-modified and SARS-CoV-2 spike-modified ferritins. Purified His-Fer proteins remain multimeric and elicit robust immune responses.

BIOCHEMISTRY (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Immune imprinting, breadth of variant recognition, and germinal center response in human SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Katharina Roltgen et al.

Summary: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, different vaccines have been used globally. This study compares the antibodies generated by mRNA vaccines, infection, and other types of vaccines. It shows that mRNA vaccines result in a better antibody breadth against viral variants compared to infection. Infection leads to variant-specific antibodies, while mRNA vaccination imprints responses towards the original virus strain. mRNA vaccines also stimulate robust germinal centers in lymph nodes, enhancing the immune response.

CELL (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization

Sandile Cele et al.

Summary: The study found that the Omicron variant has reduced neutralizing effectiveness in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer BNT162b2, but those who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 showed better neutralization against Omicron.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Safety and immunogenicity of a ferritin nanoparticle H2 influenza vaccine in healthy adults: a phase 1 trial

Katherine Houser et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the clinical trial results of a novel ferritin nanoparticle influenza vaccine platform called H2HA-Ferritin. The trial showed that the vaccine is safe and well tolerated, and it can elicit neutralizing antibody responses in both individuals who have not been exposed to the H2 subtype and those who have been exposed. Additionally, the vaccine also induced immune responses against multiple influenza subtypes. This vaccine technology has the potential for applications in pandemic preparedness and universal influenza vaccine development.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

A SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits protective immune responses in nonhuman primates

M. Gordon Joyce et al.

Summary: This study developed an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, which was found to induce strong immune responses and effectively eliminate the virus when challenged with high doses in nonhuman primates.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Imprinted SARS-CoV-2-specific memory lymphocytes define hybrid immunity

Lauren B. Rodda et al.

Summary: Research found that individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 generate more specific memory B cells, variant-neutralizing antibodies, and a distinct population of memory CD4(+) T cells compared to those who were previously naive. Additional vaccination does not replicate the unique CD4(+) T cell cytokine profile observed in previously infected individuals.

CELL (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

A Covid-19 Milestone Attained - A Correlate of Protection for Vaccines

Peter B. Gilbert et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 from vaccine and BA.1 serum

Aekkachai Tuekprakhon et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread globally and has evolved into different sublineages, with BA.4 and BA.5 dominating in South Africa. These sublineages show reduced neutralization by vaccine and naturally immune serum, indicating the possibility of repeat Omicron infections.

CELL (2022)

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Review Immunology

Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease

David Goldblatt et al.

Summary: Antibodies against S1 epitopes provide the most accurate prediction of infection by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Binding antibody titers have the highest statistical correlation. Besides neutralization, antibodies also have multiple protective functions. Cellular responses, including CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) cells, play a significant role in antibody augmentation and viral replication control, especially in the presence of insufficient antibodies. More research is needed on mucosal responses.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study

Oliver J. Watson et al.

Summary: A study quantified the global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination programs, finding that the vaccination has substantially altered the course of the pandemic, saving tens of millions of lives globally. However, inadequate access to vaccines in low-income countries has limited the impact, reinforcing the need for global vaccine equity and coverage.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study

Oliver J. Watson et al.

Summary: The study estimated that COVID-19 vaccination has prevented millions of deaths globally between December 8, 2020, and December 8, 2021. Achieving the vaccination coverage targets set by COVAX and WHO could have prevented even more deaths. However, limited access to vaccines in low-income countries has hindered the impact, highlighting the importance of global vaccine equity.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Review Immunology

Reinfection With SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Vaccines

Jeffrey Cohen et al.

Summary: The likelihood and duration of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 remain uncertain, as current knowledge on this topic is limited. Studies on other respiratory viruses suggest that serum antibodies typically persist for only a few months to a few years, making reinfections common. These findings have implications for vaccine development and the need for continued protective measures.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques

Katherine McMahan et al.

Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Single Immunization with Spike-Functionalized Ferritin Vaccines Elicits Neutralizing Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice

Abigail E. Powell et al.

Summary: By displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on ferritin nanoparticles, there was a notable enhancement in the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies, making it a viable strategy for single-dose vaccination against COVID-19.

ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Accelerating and de-risking CMC development with transposon-derived manufacturing cell lines

Sowmya Rajendran et al.

Summary: The Leap-In Transposase platform is a novel transposon-based mammalian cell line development system that produces high-titer stable pools with productivity and product quality attributes comparable to clones, offering opportunities to de-risk programs early and reduce timelines and resources by avoiding the drawbacks of nonhomologous recombination methods.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months

Einav G. Levin et al.

Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Introduction of Two Prolines and Removal of the Polybasic Cleavage Site Lead to Higher Efficacy of a Recombinant Spike-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in the Mouse Model

Fatima Amanat et al.

Summary: The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is identified as the prime target for vaccine development. Studies show that a soluble spike protein containing deleted polybasic cleavage site and K986P and V987P (PP) mutations completely protected mice from SARS-CoV-2 challenge, indicating the importance of antigen design for inducing protective immunity.

MBIO (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Linear epitope landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein constructed from 1,051 COVID-19 patients

Yang Li et al.

Summary: By analyzing the serum IgG response of 1,051 COVID-19 patients, researchers identified linear epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, revealing two regions rich in linear epitopes and identifying variable peptide responses associated with disease severity. Antibodies obtained from immunizing mice with linear epitopes did not show significant neutralizing activity against the virus, suggesting the importance of understanding humoral responses for vaccine refinement.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

An interactive website tracking COVID-19 vaccine development

Madhumita Shrotri et al.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccines elicit broad SARS coronavirus immunogenicity

M. Gordon Joyce et al.

Summary: The study designed and characterized four categories of engineered nanoparticle immunogens that induced robust antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, showing effectiveness against different variants and also significant neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-1. These immunogens demonstrated high protective efficacy in animal experiments, offering new insights for vaccine development and antiviral strategies.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine induces robust innate immune activity driving polyfunctional spike-specific T cell responses

Joshua M. Carmen et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that combining a nanoparticle vaccine with a potent adjuvant enhances SARS-CoV-2-specific durable adaptive immune T cell responses.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

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Article Immunology

A SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine protects hamsters against Alpha and Beta virus variant challenge

Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the use of SpFN-ALFQ vaccine provides protection against SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and viral replication, reducing lung pathology and viral burden.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Adjuvanting a subunit COVID-19 vaccine to induce protective immunity

Prabhu S. Arunachalam et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of an adjuvanted RBD-NP vaccine in inducing robust and durable neutralizing antibody responses, providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cross-neutralizing various variants. Adjuvants such as AS03 and AS37 significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of the vaccine and have the potential to be candidates for COVID-19 vaccines.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

David S. Khoury et al.

Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural basis for broad coronavirus neutralization

Maximilian M. Sauer et al.

Summary: The study identified a monoclonal antibody, B6, that can cross-react with eight beta-coronavirus spike proteins from three viral lineages, targeting a conserved cryptic epitope for potential broad coronavirus neutralization, marking a potential breakthrough in pan-beta-coronavirus vaccine design.

NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Access to and equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccine in low-income countries

Krishna Prasad Acharya et al.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

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Review Immunology

Challenges of Storage and Stability of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines

Mohammad N. Uddin et al.

Summary: In response to the emergence of COVID-19, mRNA-based vaccines by Moderna and BioNTech/Pfizer have been identified as the most effective ones. However, the global use of these vaccines is limited by ultracold storage requirements. Therefore, finding strategies to increase stability of mRNA-based vaccines in relatively higher temperatures is crucial to address the current global pandemic and upcoming new waves.

VACCINES (2021)

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Mosaic nanoparticles elicit cross-reactive immune responses to zoonotic coronaviruses in mice

Alexander A. Cohen et al.

Summary: The study developed nanoparticles displaying the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and other animal coronaviruses, which induced cross-reactive antibody responses in mice. Immunization with mosaic RBD nanoparticles resulted in superior neutralization of heterologous viruses, providing a potential strategy for simultaneous protection against multiple coronaviruses.

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Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody

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Phylogenetic Analysis and Structural Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Reveals an Evolutionary Distinct and Proteolytically Sensitive Activation Loop

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A respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein nanoparticle vaccine focuses antibody responses to a conserved neutralization domain

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ReScan, a Multiplex Diagnostic Pipeline, Pans Human Sera for SARS-CoV-2 Antigens

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A ferritin-based COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine that elicits robust, durable, broad-spectrum neutralizing antisera in non-human primates

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