4.8 Article

Indoor air surveillance and factors associated with respiratory pathogen detection in community settings in Belgium

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Virology

Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 concentration and circulation of variants of concern in wastewater of Leuven, Belgium

Annabel Rector et al.

Summary: Wastewater surveillance is crucial in managing the global COVID-19 pandemic, serving as an early warning system for outbreaks and a tool to track the circulation of specific variants. This study used various wastewater collection points in Leuven to investigate the application of wastewater surveillance. Wastewater samples were collected and analyzed using RT-qPCR to quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and specific mutations were detected to identify circulating variants. The study found that wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentration preceded peaks in positive cases and detected the presence of different variants simultaneously during the transition period. Wastewater-based surveillance is a valuable tool for monitoring virus circulation and variants in larger populations.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2023)

Article Immunology

Quantifying Environmental Mitigation of Aerosol Viral Load in a Controlled Chamber With Participants Diagnosed With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Hooman Parhizkar et al.

Summary: This study investigated the viral load of COVID-19 patients in different environmental conditions and found that the viral load in nasal samples was correlated with the viral load in environmental aerosols and on surfaces. Increased ventilation and filtration significantly reduced the viral load in aerosols and on surfaces, while higher relative humidity resulted in lower aerosol viral load and higher surface viral load. Submicron-sized aerosol particles best characterized the variance of aerosol viral load.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

The Removal of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Other Microbial Bioaerosols by Air Filtration on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Surge Units

Andrew Conway Morris et al.

Summary: Before the activation of HEPA-air filtration, airborne SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a COVID-19 ward, but not during filter operation; however, it was found again after filter deactivation. Airborne SARS-CoV-2 was rarely detected in a COVID-19 intensive care unit, and bioaerosol was effectively filtered.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Review Environmental Sciences

A review on measurements of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in air in outdoor and indoor environments: Implication for airborne transmission

Adelaide Dinoi et al.

Summary: This systematic review examines the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in different environments based on 73 published papers. The results show that hospitals and healthcare settings have higher proportions and rates of positive samples, while community indoors have lower concentrations. The concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air are highly variable and generally lower outdoors compared to indoors.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in air samples from inside heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems- COVID surveillance in student dorms

Sinan Sousan et al.

Summary: The study found that air sampling is an effective technique for detecting the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission on campuses, especially for buildings with congregant living settings. Future building designs and public health policies should consider implementing Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning surveillance.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL (2022)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effectiveness of portable air filtration on reducing indoor aerosol transmission: preclinical observational trials

J. H. Lee et al.

Summary: This study found that the use of portable air cleaning devices can effectively reduce aerosol transmission in high-risk environments. The addition of portable air cleaning devices significantly improves the clearance rate of aerosols.

JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION (2022)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Portable air cleaners and residential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aerosols: A real-world study

Nirmala T. Myers et al.

Summary: This study suggests that using portable air cleaners (PACs) with HEPA filters can reduce the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in residences. The results show a significant decrease in positive aerosol samples when the PAC is operated at its lowest setting.

INDOOR AIR (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Aerosol particle emission increases exponentially above moderate exercise intensity resulting in superemission during maximal exercise

Benedikt Mutsch et al.

Summary: The study found that during exercise, there is a significant increase in aerosol particle concentration in exhaled air, and aerosol particle emission also significantly increases during maximal exercise. There were no sex differences in aerosol particle emission, but endurance-training subjects emitted significantly more aerosol particles during maximal exercise than untrained subjects.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens are detected in continuous air samples from congregate settings

Mitchell D. Ramuta et al.

Summary: Air surveillance is a feasible method for monitoring airborne pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, without individual sampling. The study shows that continuous air sampling can detect SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens in real-world settings. In addition, air sampling can also be used to test for the presence of other respiratory pathogens and reveal differences in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An analysis of 45 large-scale wastewater sites in England to estimate SARS-CoV-2 community prevalence

Mario Morvan et al.

Summary: This study utilizes wastewater data from 45 sites in England to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and the results are within 1.1% of estimates from representative surveys. It is found that wastewater surveillance can detect viral signals earlier than clinical testing data and serves as a leading indicator for symptomatic viral infections. This research highlights the significance of wastewater surveillance in complementing clinical surveillance and its implications for public health.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Review Immunology

Outdoor Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review

Tommaso Celeste Bulfone et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that only a small proportion of global SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred outdoors, with indoor transmission being more likely compared to outdoor transmission. There is considerable heterogeneity in study quality and definitions of outdoor settings, which limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions about outdoor transmission risks.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19

Jeremy Howard et al.

Summary: The science on public mask wearing to prevent COVID-19 transmission is rapidly evolving. Evidence suggests that wearing masks reduces the transmission of infected respiratory particles, especially when compliance is high. It is recommended to promote widespread use of face masks in public settings, along with existing hygiene practices, social distancing, and contact tracing strategies.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Testing mobile air purifiers in a school classroom: Reducing the airborne transmission risk for SARS-CoV-2

J. Curtius et al.

Summary: The study found that air purifiers equipped with HEPA filters in a closed classroom can significantly reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission, effectively lowering aerosol concentration, and are suitable for environments with a high number of persons convening.

AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Construction & Building Technology

Probable airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a poorly ventilated restaurant

Yuguo Li et al.

Summary: By analyzing a COVID-19 outbreak in a restaurant in Guangzhou, China, the study assessed the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus and characterized the associated environmental conditions. The findings suggest that airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is possible in crowded spaces with a ventilation rate of 1 L/s per person.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Evaluation of a bioaerosol sampler for indoor environmental surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Patrick Finn Horve et al.

Summary: The study investigated the utility of an impaction-based bioaerosol sampling system with multiple nucleic acid collection media, showing that indoor aerosol surveillance can be an effective risk mitigation strategy for limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity

David A. Edwards et al.

Summary: This study observed and experimented on 194 healthy human subjects and 8 nonhuman primates, finding that COVID-19 infection and elevated BMI-years lead to an increase in exhaled respiratory droplets. Furthermore, 18% of human subjects accounted for 80% of the exhaled bioaerosol generated, resembling a 20:80 superspreader distribution of infection.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19

Martin Z. Bazant et al.

Summary: The importance of airborne transmission of COVID-19 is widely recognized, but there is currently no safety guideline proposed. The suggestion is to set an upper limit on cumulative exposure time in indoor spaces, which depends on factors such as ventilation and air filtration rates, room dimensions, breathing rate, respiratory activity, and face mask use.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses

Chia C. Wang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of traditional respiratory virus transmission pathways, highlighting the need for updates. Improved understanding of aerosol transmission through studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection calls for a reassessment of major transmission pathways for other respiratory viruses, enabling better control measures to reduce airborne transmission.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Are the Portable Air Cleaners (PAC) really effective to terminate airborne SARS-CoV-2?

Maria Rodriguez et al.

Summary: The study evaluated air and surface SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination in households with positive patients, and the effectiveness of a portable Air Cleaner (PAC) with HEPA filter in eliminating the virus. Results showed that the use of portable HEPA cleaners had an 80% effectiveness in removing SARS-CoV-2, making it a recommended option for places with inadequate ventilation.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Mechanics

Monitoring carbon dioxide to quantify the risk of indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19

Martin Z. Bazant et al.

Summary: A new guideline sets a limit on time spent in shared spaces with infected individuals, and rephrases this safety guideline in terms of occupancy time and average exhaled CO2 concentration for assessing airborne transmission risk. The guideline accounts for physical processes affecting pathogen evolution and modulates transmission risk based on total infectious dose and population fractions of susceptible, infected, and immune individuals. A mathematical model is developed for predicting airborne transmission risk using real-time CO2 measurements, with illustrative examples from university classrooms and office spaces.
Article Infectious Diseases

Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients

John A. Lednickya et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Collection, particle sizing and detection of airborne viruses

M. Pan et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Indoor hospital air and the impact of ventilation on bioaerosols: a systematic review

R. E. Stockwell et al.

JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION (2019)

Review Microbiology

Streptococcus pneumoniae: transmission, colonization and invasion

Jeffrey N. Weiser et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

Article Statistics & Probability

A Kenward-Roger Approximation and Parametric Bootstrap Methods for Tests in Linear Mixed Models - TheRPackagepbkrtest

Ulrich Halekoh et al.

Journal of Statistical Software (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Aerosol transmission is an important mode of influenza A virus spread

Benjamin J. Cowling et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2013)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The impact of portable high-efficiency particulate air filters on the incidence of invasive aspergillosis in a large acute tertiary-care hospital

Zakir-Hussain Abdul Salam et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL (2010)

Article Immunology

Frequent and Prolonged Shedding of Bocavirus in Young Children Attending Daycare

Emily T. Martin et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2010)

Review Virology

Cytomegalovirus seroconversion rates and risk factors: implications for congenital CMV

Terri B. Hyde et al.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2010)

Article Infectious Diseases

The development of a qualitative real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of hepatitis C virus

A. Clancy et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2008)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Reduction in MRSA environmental contamination with a portable HEPA-filtration unit

TC Boswell et al.

JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION (2006)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus

ITS Yu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2004)

Review Infectious Diseases

Molecular and diagnostic clinical virology in real time

HGM Niesters

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2004)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Detection of airborne rhinovirus and its relation to outdoor air supply in office environments

TA Myatt et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2004)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Hospital ventilation and risk for tuberculous infection in Canadian health care workers

D Menzies et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2000)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Investigation of the concentration of bacteria and their cell envelope components in indoor air in two elementary schools

LJS Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (2000)