Secondary erythrocytosis

IntroductionErythrocytosis is associated with an elevation of the hemoglobin level above 16.5 g/dL in men and above 16 g/dL in women and an elevation of the hematocrit level above 49% in men and > 48% in women. In primary erythrocytosis, the defect is a clonal disorder in the myeloid compartment of the bone marrow, leading to an increased red cell production. Secondary erythrocytosis is the result of external stimuli to the bone marrow, leading to the production of red cells in excess. Secondary erythrocytosis is more common than primary erythrocytosis and has a broad differential diagnosis.Areas coveredThis review will discuss secondary erythrocytosis, its causes, clinical presentation, and both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Expert opinionAlthough secondary erythrocytosis is more common than PV, there are still challenges and difficulties associated with the distinction between these two conditions. Moreover, there is a paucity of data and guidance when it comes to the management of certain congenital and acquired conditions. A pragmatic approach is recommended in order to identify the cause for this condition. Treatment should be directed at the management of the underlying cause.

Automated summary

Erythrocytosis is characterized by elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. It can be classified as primary or secondary, with primary erythrocytosis resulting from a clonal disorder in the bone marrow and secondary erythrocytosis being caused by external stimuli. This review focuses on secondary erythrocytosis, discussing its causes, clinical presentation, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.