Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 15, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v15061388
Keywords
conditional cell reprogramming; EBV; HPV; oncogenic viruses; air-liquid interface
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Oncogenic viruses are linked to around 20% of human cancers, but current cell models have limitations in studying viral life cycle and cancer initiation. There is a need for reliable human physiological cell models. Conditional cell reprogramming (CCR) is a rapid and robust system that can establish cells from minimally invasive specimens and preserve their lineage functions.
Several oncogenic viruses are associated with approximately 20% of human cancers. Experimental models are crucial for studying the pathogenicity and biological aspects of oncogenic viruses and their potential mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Current cell models have considerable limitations such as: their low yield, genetic and epigenetic modification, and reduction in tumor heterogeneity during long propagation. Cancer cell lines are limited and not appropriate for studying the viral life cycle, for example, natural viral life cycles of HPV and EBV, and their persistence and latency in epithelial cells are poorly understood, since these processes are highly related to epithelial differentiation. Therefore, there is an urgent need of reliable human physiological cell models to study viral life cycle and cancer initiation. Conditional cell reprogramming (CCR) is a rapid and robust cell culture system, where the cells can be established from minimally invasive or noninvasive specimens and their lineage functions preserved during the long-term culture. These CR cells retain their ability to differentiate at air-liquid interface (ALI). Here, we recapitulated the applications of CR and ALI approaches in modeling host-virus interactions and viral-mediated tumorigenesis.
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