Overview of fungal terpene synthases and their regulation

Terpenes and terpenoids are a group of isoprene-derived molecules that constitute the largest group of natural products and secondary metabolites produced by living things, with more than 25,000 compounds reported. These compounds are synthesized by enzymes called terpene synthases, which include several families of cyclases and enzymes. These are responsible for adding functional groups to cyclized structures. Fungal terpenoids are of great interest for their pharmacological properties; therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate their synthesis (regulation of the mevalonate pathway, regulation of gene expression, and availability of cofactors) is essential to direct their production. For this reason, this review addresses the detailed study of the biosynthesis of fungal terpenoids and their regulation by various physiological and environmental factors.

Automated summary

Terpenes and terpenoids are the largest group of natural products and secondary metabolites produced by living things. They are synthesized by enzymes called terpene synthases, which add functional groups to cyclized structures. Understanding the regulation of their synthesis is important for directing their production with desired pharmacological properties. This review covers the detailed study of the biosynthesis of fungal terpenoids and their regulation by various physiological and environmental factors.