Journal
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
Volume 77, Issue -, Pages 230-234Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2015.06.002
Keywords
Cooperation; Public goods game; Punishment
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61403083, 61473060]
- Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China [2013J05007]
- Research Foundation of UESTC and Hong Kong Scholars Program [XJ2013019, G-YZ4D]
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Punishment has been proved to be an effective mechanism to sustain cooperation among selfish individuals. In previous studies, punishment is unidirectional: an individual i can punish j but j cannot punish i. In this paper, we propose a mechanism of mutual punishment, in which the two individuals will punish each other if their strategies are different. Because of the symmetry in imposing the punishment, one might expect intuitively the strategy to have little effect on cooperation. Surprisingly, we find that the mutual punishment can promote cooperation in the spatial public goods game. Other pertinent quantities such as the time evolution of cooperator density and the spatial distribution of cooperators and defectors are also investigated. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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