Journal
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
Volume 72, Issue 5, Pages 662-668Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw133
Keywords
Executive function; Memory function; Gait speed; Handgrip strength; Dynamic relationship
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Funding
- Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (ZonMw)
- Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Organization for scientific research (NGI/NWO) [05040202, 050-060-810]
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging [NCHA])
- seventh framework program MYOAGE [HEALTH-2007-2.4.5-10]
- VU University Amsterdam
- VIDI Fellowship of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [452-11-017]
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Background: Cognitive and physical impairment frequently co-occur in older people. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal order of these age-related changes in cognitive and physical performance and to assess whether a relationship was different across specific cognitive and physical domains and age groups. Methods: Cognitive domains included global, executive, and memory function; physical domains included gait speed and handgrip strength. These domains were assessed in two population-based longitudinal cohorts covering the age ranges of 55-64, 65-74, 75-85, and 85-90 years with a follow-up of 5-12 years. Cross-lagged panel models were applied to assess the temporal relationships between the different cognitive and physical domains adjusting for age, sex, education, comorbidity, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. Results: Over all age groups, poorer executive function was associated with a steeper decline in gait speed (p<.05). From the age of 85 years, this relationship was found across all cognitive and physical domains (p<.02). From the age of 65 years, slower gait speed and/or weaker handgrip strength were associated with steeper declines in global cognitive function (p<.02), with statistically significant results across all cognitive domains in the age group of 75-85 years (p<.04). Conclusions: The temporal relationship between cognitive and physical performance differs across domains and age, suggesting a specific rather than a general relationship. This emphasizes the importance of repeated measurements on different domains and encourages future research to the development of domain-and age-specific interventions.
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