Association of pneumococcal vaccination with cardiovascular diseases in older adults: The vaccine effectiveness, networking, and universal safety (VENUS) study

The protective effect of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) against cardiovas-cular disease has been investigated in the United States and Europe; however, its effect has not been fully established. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of PPSV23 on cardiovascular events in adults aged >= 65 years. This population-based nested case-control study was conducted using the claims data and vaccine records between April 2015 and March 2020 from the Vaccine Effectiveness, Networking, and Universal Safety (VENUS) Study. PPSV23 vaccination was identified using vaccination records in each municipality. The primary outcome was acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or stroke. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PPSV23 vaccination were calcu-lated using conditional logistic regression. Among 383,781 individuals aged >= 65 years, 5,356 and 25,730 individuals with AMI or stroke were matched with 26,753 and 128,397 event-free controls, respectively. Individuals who were PPSV23 vaccinated, compared with the unvaccinated individuals, had significantly lower odds of AMI or stroke events (aOR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.62-0.80] and aOR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.77-0.86], respectively). More recent PPSV23 vaccination was associated with lower odds ratios (AMI, aOR 0.55 [95% CI, 0.42-0.72] for 1-180 days and aOR 1.11 [95% CI, 0.84-1.47] for 720 days or longer; stroke, aOR 0.83 [95% CI, 0.74-0.93] for 1-180 days and aOR 0.90 [95% CI, 0.78-1.03] for 720 days or longer). Among Japanese older adults, individuals who were PPSV23 vaccinated, compared with unvaccinated individuals, had significantly lower odds of AMI or stroke events.(c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) on cardiovascular events in adults aged >= 65 years. The results showed that individuals who were PPSV23 vaccinated had significantly lower odds of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or stroke events compared to unvaccinated individuals. More recent PPSV23 vaccination was associated with even lower odds ratios for AMI or stroke.