Fuels for ROS signaling in plant immunity

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling has an important role in plant innate im-mune responses and is primarily mediated by NADPH oxidase, also known as re-spiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) in plants. NADPH serves as a fuel for RBOHs and limits the rate or amount of ROS production. Molecular regulation of RBOHs has been extensively studied; however, the source of NADPH for RBOHs has received little attention. Here, we review ROS signaling and the regulation of RBOHs in the plant immune system with a focus on NADPH regulation to achieve ROS homeostasis. We propose an idea to regulate the levels of NADPH as part of a new strategy to control ROS signaling and the corresponding downstream de-fense responses.

Automated summary

This article reviews the role and regulation of ROS signaling in the plant immune system, with a focus on NADPH regulation. It proposes regulating NADPH levels as a new strategy to control ROS signaling and downstream defense responses.