The brain-kidney-retinal axis in severe falciparum malaria

Review Parasitology

The kidney-brain pathogenic axis in severe falciparum malaria

Andrea L. Conroy et al.

Summary: Severe falciparum malaria is a medical emergency that causes death and neurodisability in endemic areas. Recent studies have indicated a correlation between kidney and brain dysfunction in Plasmodium falciparum infection. This review discusses the evidence and explores potential therapeutic strategies for this pathogenic crosstalk.

TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY (2023)

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Letter Parasitology

The retinal contribution to the kidney-brain axis in severe malaria

Jamie Burke et al.

TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY (2023)

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Article Immunology

Evidence of Brain Alterations in Noncerebral Falciparum Malaria

Sanjib Mohanty et al.

Summary: Brain involvement is common in adults with severe noncerebral malaria and uncomplicated malaria, despite the absence of coma. Acute kidney injury is associated with cytotoxic brain changes.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Different Courses of Disease in Pediatric and Adult Cerebral Malaria

Praveen K. Sahu et al.

Summary: Research suggests distinct pathogenic patterns in pediatric and adult cerebral malaria, with a stronger cytotoxic component in adults, which may support the development of age-specific adjunct therapies. Age-dependent decrease in brain swelling was found during acute cerebral malaria, and brain volumes did not differ significantly between fatal and nonfatal cases. In fatal cases, severe hypoxia was associated with a fatal outcome in adults, while pediatric patients experienced increased brain volume leading to brainstem herniation and death.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Imbalance in the Levels of Angiogenic Factors in Patients with Acute and Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Izabella Karska-Basta et al.

Summary: The study found that levels of angiopoietin-1, VEGF, PDGF-AA, and PlGF were downregulated in CSC patients, suggesting an important role of imbalanced levels of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of CSC. Additionally, downregulated VEGF levels may indicate that choroidal neovascularization in CSC is associated with arteriogenesis rather than angiogenesis.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Angiopoietin-2 outperforms other endothelial biomarkers associated with severe acute kidney injury in patients with severe sepsis and respiratory failure

Wen-Kuang Yu et al.

Summary: Endothelial dysfunction and injury biomarkers were found to be associated with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis patients, with Angiopoietin-2 being the most robust biomarker independently associated with development of severe AKI and other organ dysfunctions, non-pulmonary sepsis, and death. These findings highlight the importance of early endothelial dysfunction and injury in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced AKI.

CRITICAL CARE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine