Differential expression profile of microRNAs in the lung tissues of coal workers with pneumoconiosis and patients with silicosis

The purpose of this study was to characterize the microRNA (miRNA) profile of the lung tissues from coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and silicosis and to analyze the changes in downstream genes, biological processes, and signaling pathways based on the differently expressed miRNAs. Lung tissues from three CWP patients, eight silicosis patients, and four healthy controls were collected and analyzed for their miRNA profiles using Affymetrix (R) GeneChip (R) miRNA Arrays. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified between the different groups. The miRanda and TargetScan databases were used to predict the putative target genes, and volcano and heat maps were drawn. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were then performed to screen the DEMs-associated biological process and signaling pathways, respectively. Further identification with a comprehensive literature research involving particle exposure, fibrosis, inflammation and lung cancer were used to further screen DEMs of CWP and silicosis. Microarray data showed that 375 and 88 miRNAs were differentially expressed in CWP and silicosis lung tissues compared with healthy lung tissues, while 34 miRNAs were differentially expressed in CWP compared with silicosis lung tissues. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that, the target genes were mainly enriched in the TGF-beta, MAPK, p53 and other signal pathways. These results provided insight into the miRNA-related underlying mechanisms of CWP and silicosis, and they provided new clues for miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these two diseases.

Automated summary

This study aimed to profile the microRNA (miRNA) expression in lung tissues of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and silicosis patients and analyze their downstream genes, biological processes, and signaling pathways. miRNA profiles were obtained using Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA Arrays in lung tissues from 3 CWP patients, 8 silicosis patients, and 4 healthy controls. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified and their putative target genes were predicted using miRanda and TargetScan databases. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed enrichment of target genes in TGF-beta, MAPK, and p53 signaling pathways. These findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms of CWP and silicosis and provide insights into miRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these diseases.