Temporal pesticide dynamics alter specific eukaryotic taxa in a coastal transition zone

Land use change and anthropogenic forcing can drastically alter the rates and patterns of sediment transport and mod-ify biodiversity and ecosystem functions in coastal transition zones, such as the coastal ecosystems. Molecular studies of sediment extracted DNAs provide information on currently living organisms within the upper layers or buried from various periods of time, but might also provide knowledge on species dynamics, replacement and turnover. In this study, we evaluated the eukaryotic communities of a marine core that present a shift in soil erosion that was linked to glyphosate usage and correlated to chlordecone resurgence since 2000. We show differences in community compo-sition between samples from the second half of the last century and those from the last two decades. Temporal analyses of the relative abundance, alpha diversity, and beta diversity for the two periods demonstrated different temporal dy-namics depending on the considered taxonomic group. In particular, Ascomycetes showed a decrease in abundance over the most recent period associated with changes in community membership but not community structure. Two photosynthetic groups, Bacillariophyceae and Prasinophytes clade VII, showed a different pattern with an increase in abundance since the beginning of the 21st century with a decrease in diversity and evenness to form more hetero-geneous communities dominated by a few abundant OTUs. Altogether, our data reveal that agricultural usages such as pesticide use can have long-term and species-dependent implications for microeukaryotic coastal communities on a tropical island.

Automated summary

Land use change and anthropogenic forcing can alter sediment transport, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions in coastal ecosystems. This study evaluated the shifts in eukaryotic communities in a marine core sample, and found that agricultural activities, such as pesticide use, have long-term and species-specific implications for microeukaryotic coastal communities on a tropical island.