Projected mid-century rainfall erosivity under climate change over the southeastern United States

Recent observations and climate change projections indicate that changes in rainfall energy, intensity, duration, and frequency, which determine the erosive power of rainfall, will amplify erosion rates around the world. However, the magnitude and scope of these future changes in erosive power of rainfall remain largely unknown, particularly at finer-resolutions and local scales. Due to a lack of available projected future sub-hourly climate data, previous studies relied on aggregates (hourly, daily) rainfall data. The erosivity for the southeastern United States in this study was calculated using the RUSLE2 erosivity calculation method without data limitation and a recently published 15-min precipitation dataset. This precipitation data was derived from five NA-CORDEX climate models' precipitation products under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. In this dataset, hourly climate projections of precipitation were bias-corrected and temporally downscaled to 15-min resolution for 187 locations with collocated 15-min precipitation observations. Precipitation, erosivity (R-factor), and erosivity density (ED) estimations were provided for historical (1970-1999) and future (2030-2059) time periods. Ensemble results for projected values (as compared to historical values) showed increase in precipitation, erosivity, and erosivity density by 14 %, 47 %, and 29 %, respectively. The future ensemble model showed an average annual R-factor of 11,237 +/- 1299 MJ mm ha-1h-1yr-1. These findings suggest that changes in rainfall intensity, rather than precipitation amount, may be driving the change in erosivity. However, the bias correction and downscaling limitations inherent in the original precipitation dataset and this study's analyses obscured this particular result. In general, coastal and mountainous regions are expected to experience the greatest absolute increase in erosivity, while other inland areas are expected to experi-ence the greatest relative change. This study offers a novel examination of projected future precipitation characteristics in terms of erosivity and potential future erosion.

Automated summary

Recent observations and climate change projections indicate that changes in rainfall energy, intensity, duration, and frequency will amplify erosion rates globally. However, the future changes in erosive power of rainfall are largely unknown at finer-resolutions and local scales. This study calculates erosivity in the southeastern United States using a 15-min precipitation dataset and projects an increase in precipitation, erosivity, and erosivity density for the future. The findings suggest that changes in rainfall intensity are driving the change in erosivity.