Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 380, Issue 6643, Pages 367-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.abn2937
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Thousands of genomic regions associated with heritable human diseases are difficult to study due to a lack of understanding of which genomic positions are functionally important.
Thousands of genomic regions have been associated with heritable human diseases, but attempts to elucidate biological mechanisms are impeded by an inability to discern which genomic positions are functionally important. Evolutionary constraint is a powerful predictor of function, agnostic to cell type or disease mechanism. Single-base phyloP scores from 240 mammals identified 3.3% of the human genome as significantly constrained and likely functional. We compared phyloP scores to genome annotation, association studies, copy-number variation, clinical genetics findings, and cancer data. Constrained positions are enriched for variants that explain common disease heritability more than other functional annotations. Our results improve variant annotation but also highlight that the regulatory landscape of the human genome still needs to be further explored and linked to disease.
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