A narrative review: CXC chemokines influence immune surveillance in obesity and obesity-related diseases: Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Adipose tissue develops lipids, aberrant adipokines, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as a consequence of the low-grade systemic inflammation that characterizes obesity. This low-grade systemic inflammation can lead to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the CXC chemokines consists of numerous regulators of inflammation, cellular function, and cellular migration, it is still unknown that how CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors contribute to the development of metabolic diseases (such as T2D and NAFLD) during obesity. In light of recent research, the objective of this review is to provide an update on the linkage between the CXC chemokine, obesity, and obesity-related metabolic diseases (T2D and NAFLD). We explore the differential migratory and immunomodulatory potential of CXC chemokines and their mechanisms of action to better understand their role in clinical and laboratory contexts. Besides that, because CXC chemokine profiling is strongly linked to leukocyte recruitment, macrophage recruitment, and immunomodulatory potential, we hypothesize that it could be used to predict the therapeutic potential for obesity and obesity-related diseases (T2D and NAFLD).

Automated summary

Adipose tissue in obese individuals develops lipids, aberrant adipokines, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to low-grade systemic inflammation. This inflammation can result in insulin resistance and metabolic complications like type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The role of CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors in the development of obesity-related metabolic diseases is still unclear. This review aims to provide an update on the connection between CXC chemokines, obesity, and obesity-related metabolic diseases, exploring their migratory potential, immunomodulatory effects, and potential as a therapeutic predictor.