4.7 Article

Effect of low temperature on thermal runaway and fire behaviors of 18650 lithium-ion battery: A comprehensive experimental study

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Engineering, Environmental

Thermal runaway propagation behavior and energy flow distribution analysis of 280 Ah LiFePO4 battery

Laifeng Song et al.

Summary: This work systematically investigates the thermal runaway propagation (TRP) behavior of 280 Ah LFP batteries with different state of charges (SOCs). The results show that TRP only occurs in the module with 100% SOC, attributed to its higher internal energy and heat transfer power. The TRP time interval fluctuates from 667 s to 1305 s, and the TRP speed ranges from 0.05-0.12 mm/s. The energy flow distribution indicates that more than 75% of the energy is used to heat the battery itself, and less than 10% can trigger neighboring batteries into thermal runaway.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2023)

Article Energy & Fuels

Modeling venting behavior of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway propagation by coupling CFD and thermal resistance network

Gongquan Wang et al.

Summary: Thermal runaway poses a serious risk to lithium-ion batteries due to the emission of flammable gases, potentially leading to explosions. A model incorporating venting is proposed to reduce explosion risk and determine the optimal battery pack configuration. Increasing ventilation rate decreases gas concentration and explosion duration, while the effect of void volume is limited. Increasing cell distance inhibits gas dispersion, prolonging the explosion risk. This model contributes to the optimization of battery pack safety.

APPLIED ENERGY (2023)

Article Thermodynamics

Effects of heating position on the thermal runaway propagation of a lithium-ion battery module in a battery enclosure

Zijian Li et al.

Summary: In practice, the heat source that triggers thermally induced failures of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be located inside or outside the battery enclosure (BE). This study investigated the effect of the heat source location on the thermal runaway (TR) propagation characteristics of LIBs through thermal abuse experiments. The results showed that when the heat source was outside the BE, the first TR in the LIB module was significantly delayed, but the TR propagation speed, maximum cell temperature, and mass loss were higher compared to when the heat source was inside the BE. The study also analyzed the effect of BE thermal conductivity on the TR propagation of LIBs and calculated the no-return temperature of the cell in the BE for the first time. This research deepens the understanding of TR propagation behavior in practical applications and provides guidance for the safe design of LIBs.

APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING (2023)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Hollow LDH cage covering with ultra-thin MXenes veil: Integrated micro-nano structure upon heat release suppression and toxic effluents elimination for polymer

Haobo Zhou et al.

Summary: In this study, a strongly-coupled micro-nano structure based on hollow LDH with ultra-thin MXenes veil (MX@H-LDH) was designed via assembly strategy. Loading 5.0 wt% MX@H-LDH reduced peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak CO production rate and total CO production by 54.6%, 37.5%, 47.4%, and 63.6% respectively. The mechanical interlocking action of MX@H-LDH strengthened the mechanical capability and the curbed toxic gas releases were observed. This work is instructive for the design of novel MXenes-based nanostructures in polymer composites with high performance.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2023)

Article Energy & Fuels

Revealing particle venting of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway: A multi-scale model toward multiphase process

Gongquan Wang et al.

Summary: Safety issues posed by thermal runaway are hindering the growth of lithium-ion batteries. A comprehensive model covering the entire process of venting during thermal runaway has been proposed. The model includes the prediction of particle ejection, which previous models have neglected. Experimental measurements were used to validate the model's accuracy. The results showed consistent particle and gas ejections, providing new references for the thermal safety design of battery packs.

ETRANSPORTATION (2023)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Experimental study on the thermal runaway and fire behavior of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 battery in open and confined spaces

Pengjie Liu et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the thermal runaway and fire behavior of large-scale lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), especially for high energy density cells. Experimental tests were conducted under different conditions to evaluate the fire behavior of LIBs, and the effects of state of charge and confined cabinets were analyzed. The results indicate that the asphyxiant gases have a more significant impact on human toxicity compared to irritant gases. The minimum fresh air renewal rate required was also calculated to guide ventilation management and firefighting measures.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Comparative investigation of the impact of fast charging at low temperature on commercial Li-ion cells

Alexis Laforgue et al.

Summary: This study addresses the challenges of fast charging lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures. It found that most batteries have reduced fast charging capabilities at lower temperatures. The study identified the five best-performing batteries at different temperatures and analyzed their performance. It also found that the abnormal growth of the anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) leading to lithium inventory loss is the main cause of performance decay and cell failure.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Investigation on effect of phase change material on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery and exploration of flame retardancy improvement

Xinyi Dai et al.

Summary: Thermal safety is crucial for the storage and utilization of lithium-ion batteries. Phase change material (PCM) can effectively regulate temperature as a cooling medium, but its flammability raises concerns under extreme conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that paraffin PCM (PPCM) delays thermal runaway and reduces battery temperature, while composite PCM (CPCM) has limited effect. However, the flammable nature of PPCM increases the risk of fire. By incorporating a flame-retarded PPCM mixed with hydroxide flame retardants, the adverse effects can be mitigated, providing guidance for process safety and fire protection in battery thermal management.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Slight overcharging cycling failure of commercial lithium-ion battery induced by the jelly roll destruction

Jialong Liu et al.

Summary: This study investigates the failure behavior and mechanism of batteries under slight overcharging cycling. Experimental results show that internal short circuit leads to the destruction of the jelly roll, resulting in near-zero battery capacity. Impedances of the battery increase significantly, and corrosion of the aluminum current collector is observed. Incremental capacity analysis and resistance estimation can be used to diagnose jelly roll destruction and detect failure battery, respectively.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2022)

Article Energy & Fuels

Effects of the battery enclosure on the thermal behaviors of lithium-ion battery module during thermal runaway propagation by external-heating

Zijian Li et al.

Summary: This study investigates the thermal behaviors of thermal runaway (TR) and its propagation in a lithium-ion battery module in a battery enclosure. The results show that TR in the enclosure has a delayed onset time and higher maximum temperature compared to without the enclosure. The propagation of TR to adjacent cells is also faster in the enclosure. Jet fire occurrence further increases the maximum temperature. Heat flux measurements reveal a higher heat conduction intensity between cells in the enclosure.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE (2022)

Article Energy & Fuels

Numerical analysis on the combustion characteristic of lithium-ion battery vent gases and the suppression effect

Rujia Fan et al.

Summary: This study investigates the combustion characteristics of Lithium-ion battery (LIB) vent gases with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) addition, and finds that the fire risk of LIB vent gases reduces with DMC. The influences of different suppressants on the flame of LIB vent gases are also explored.
Article Engineering, Environmental

Experimentally exploring thermal runaway propagation and prevention in the prismatic lithium-ion battery with different connections

Zhizuan Zhou et al.

Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway (TR) propagation mechanism in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and proposes a passive strategy using thermal insulation to inhibit TR propagation. The results show that batteries in parallel experience more intense combustion and propagation compared to unconnected batteries due to intensified exothermic reactions. Moreover, the insertion of aerogel can completely prevent TR propagation. These findings provide insights into TR propagation mechanism and its prevention, which are crucial for the safety design of battery modules.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Fluoroethylene carbonate as co-solvent for Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 lithium-ion cells with enhanced high-voltage and safety performance

Dongxu Ouyang et al.

Summary: In this study, a non-flammable electrolyte using fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as solvent was investigated for high-voltage lithium-ion cells. The results showed that this electrolyte exhibited superior performance in terms of cycling, high-temperature stability, and safety features, suggesting its potential in the design of high-voltage and high-safety lithium-ion cells.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Experimental study on suppressing thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries in confined space by various fire extinguishing agents

Huanli Sun et al.

Summary: This study investigates the suppression effects of different extinguishing agents, including HFC-227ea, C6F12O, and water spray, on thermal runaway propagation in a confined space. The results show that water spray has the best cooling effect and can prevent thermal runaway propagation.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Study on low-temperature cycle failure mechanism of a ternary lithium ion battery

Suijun Wang et al.

Summary: This study investigates the changes in parameters such as discharge capacity and the possible failure mechanism of a 25 Ah ternary lithium ion battery during cycling at -10 degrees C. The results show that after 500 cycles at -10 degrees C, the battery capacity decreases significantly with a large irreversible capacity loss. The plating of lithium on the anode surface and the dissolution of transition metal elements in the cathode electrode are identified as important factors contributing to the reduction in battery capacity. Additionally, gas generation in the battery is attributed to the deposition of transition metal elements on the anode electrode and the catalytic decomposition of electrolyte at the anode interface.

RSC ADVANCES (2022)

Article Energy & Fuels

A coupled conjugate heat transfer and CFD model for the thermal runaway evolution and jet fire of 18650 lithium-ion battery under thermal abuse

Depeng Kong et al.

Summary: Thermal runaway is a safety concern for lithium-ion batteries. This study develops a numerical model to predict the temperature, pressure evolution, and jet fire of the battery, considering the effect of state of charge (SOC).

ETRANSPORTATION (2022)

Article Energy & Fuels

Challenges and development of lithium-ion batteries for low temperature environments

Nan Piao et al.

Summary: In low-temperature environments, lithium-ion batteries face various challenges and limitations, which need to be addressed by increasing the inherent reactivity of the battery and improving the external reaction temperature to enhance reaction kinetics, as well as by implementing real-time temperature monitoring, optimizing charging protocols, and online lithium-plating monitoring for battery management. A systematic review of low-temperature LIBs is conducted to provide references for future research.

ETRANSPORTATION (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Research progress of water mist fire extinguishing technology and its application in battery fires

Yan Cui et al.

Summary: This paper provides a detailed overview of the mechanisms and influencing factors of water mist fire extinguishing technology, as well as its research in the field of battery fires, and predicts future development directions and prospects.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Thermal performance of battery thermal management system coupled with phase change material and thermoelectric elements

Gaoliang Liao et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates a hybrid active and passive full-temperature BTMS for thermal management of lithium-ion batteries in extreme environments in Central and Southern China. By combining thermoelectric elements and phase change materials, the system effectively controls the battery temperature in both hot and cold environments.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Overcharge-to-thermal-runaway behavior and safety assessment of commercial lithium-ion cells with different cathode materials: A comparison study

Zhenpo Wang et al.

Summary: This paper investigated the overcharge behaviors and thermal runaway features of large format lithium-ion cells with different cathode materials. It was found that NCM cells have better performance and overcharge tolerance, while LFP cells exhibit less severe response to overcharging. A safety assessment score system was proposed based on these findings to evaluate the safety of the cells.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Energy & Fuels

Electro-thermal coupling model of lithium-ion batteries under external short circuit

Zeyu Chen et al.

Summary: This paper investigates the impact of temperature on battery electro-thermal behaviors under external short circuit (ESC) through experiments and establishes a novel electro-thermal coupling model for predicting the complex thermal and electrical properties of a battery under ESC. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented model.

APPLIED ENERGY (2021)

Article Thermodynamics

Experimental investigation on thermal runaway propagation of large format lithium ion battery modules with two cathodes

Zonghou Huang et al.

Summary: This study compares the thermal runaway propagation behavior of NCM and LFP modules, revealing that NCM modules are more prone to thermal runaway propagation compared to LFP modules, with higher total mass of combustible gases and toxicity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Thermal runaway characteristics and failure criticality of massive ternary Li-ion battery piles in low-pressure storage and transport

Yanhui Liu et al.

Summary: A recent study investigated the effects of pressure and cell number on thermal runaway of Lithium-ion batteries, demonstrating that lowering the pressure can weaken the intensity of exothermic reactions. Additionally, the overall fire risk increases with higher pressure and larger battery-pile size.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Unlocking the self-supported thermal runaway of high-energy lithium-ion batteries

Junxian Hou et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that two endogenous oxygen pathways involved in strong exothermic reactions lead to uncontrollable states in the NMC811|graphite pouch cell, with significant safety concerns. Approximately 41% of thermal-induced oxygen reacts aggressively with ethylene carbonate at the cathode/electrolyte interface, accelerating the self-heating rate and triggering thermal runaway. The residual oxygen that survives the reaction with carbonate spreads to the lithiated anode, generating major heat and bringing the battery to the maximum destructive temperature during thermal runaway.

ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS (2021)

Article Automation & Control Systems

Online Fault Diagnosis of External Short Circuit for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack

Rui Xiong et al.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS (2020)

Article Energy & Fuels

Effect of charge rate on capacity degradation of LiFePO4 power battery at low temperature

Xiaogang Wu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH (2020)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Refined study on lithium ion battery combustion in open space and a combustion chamber

Binbin Mao et al.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Degradation Mechanism Study and Safety Hazard Analysis of Overdischarge on Commercialized Lithium-ion Batteries

Tianyi Ma et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

Article Electrochemistry

Effects of Fast Charging at Low Temperature on a High Energy Li-Ion Battery

Alexis Laforgue et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Review Thermodynamics

A review of lithium ion battery failure mechanisms and fire prevention strategies

Qingsong Wang et al.

PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE (2019)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Study of the influence of mechanical pressure on the performance and aging of Lithium-ion battery cells

Verena Mueller et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Environmental pressure effects on thermal runaway and fire behaviors of lithium-ion battery with different cathodes and state of charge

Mingyi Chen et al.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2019)

Article Thermodynamics

Failure mechanism of the lithium ion battery during nail penetration

Binbin Mao et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER (2018)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Li plating as unwanted side reaction in commercial Li-ion cells - A review

Thomas Waldmann et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2018)

Article Electrochemistry

Electrochemical, Post-Mortem, and ARC Analysis of Li-Ion Cell Safety in Second-Life Applications

Thomas Waldmann et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

An experimental study on burning behaviors of 18650 lithium ion batteries using a cone calorimeter

Yangyang Fu et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2015)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Interaction of cyclic ageing at high-rate and low temperatures and safety in lithium-ion batteries

Meike Fleischhammer et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2015)

Article Thermodynamics

Investigation on the thermal hazards of 18650 lithium ion batteries by fire calorimeter

Mingyi Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY (2015)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Li-ion battery materials: present and future

Naoki Nitta et al.

MATERIALS TODAY (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanical Surface Modification of Lithium Metal: Towards Improved Li Metal Anode Performance by Directed Li Plating

Myung-Hyun Ryou et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2015)

Article Electrochemistry

Li-Ion Cell Operation at Low Temperatures

Yan Ji et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2013)

Article Thermodynamics

A consideration of methods of determining the radiative characteristics of jet fires

Geoffrey Hankinson et al.

COMBUSTION AND FLAME (2012)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery

Qingsong Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2012)

Article Electrochemistry

Effects of Electrolyte Composition on Lithium Plating in Lithium-Ion Cells

M. C. Smart et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2011)

Article Chemistry, Physical

In situ NMR observation of the formation of metallic lithium microstructures in lithium batteries

Rangeet Bhattacharyya et al.

NATURE MATERIALS (2010)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Thermal abuse performance of high-power 18650 Li-ion cells

EP Roth et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2004)

Article Electrochemistry

Effect of vinylene carbonate as additive to electrolyte for lithium metal anode

H Ota et al.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2004)