Estimating sequence diversity of prion protein gene (PRNP) in Portuguese populations of two cervid species: red deer and fallow deer

Among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now a rising concern in wildlife within Europe, after the detection of the first case in Norway in 2016, in a wild reindeer and until June 2022 a total of 34 cases were described in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The definite diagnosis is post-mortem, performed in target areas of the brain and lymph nodes. Samples are first screened using a rapid test and, if positive, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. The study of the genetics of the prion protein gene, PRNP, has been proved to be a valuable tool for determining the relative susceptibility to TSEs. In the present study, the exon 3 of PRNP gene of 143 samples from red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) of Portugal was analysed. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in red deer - codon A136A, codon T98A, codon Q226E - and no sequence variation was detected in fallow deer. The low genetic diversity found in our samples is compatible with previous studies in Europe. The comparison with results from North America suggests that the free-ranging deer from our study may present susceptibility to CWD, although lack of experimental data and the necessity of continuous survey are necessary to evaluate these populations.

Automated summary

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids has become a rising concern in Europe since the first case was detected in Norway in 2016. A total of 34 cases have been described in Norway, Sweden, and Finland until June 2022. Diagnosis of CWD is confirmed through post-mortem examination of the brain and lymph nodes, using rapid tests, immunohistochemistry, and Western immunoblotting. The study analyzed PRNP gene exon 3 of 143 samples from red deer and fallow deer in Portugal, finding three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in red deer and no sequence variation in fallow deer. The genetic diversity observed is consistent with previous studies in Europe, and further research is needed to evaluate susceptibility of the deer populations to CWD.