An Agro-Waste Catalyzed Facile Synthesis of 1H-Pyrazolo[1,2-b]Phthalazine-5,10-Dione Derivatives: Evaluation of Antioxidant and Electrochemical Studies

Rapid and inexpensive one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione through a condensation reaction of aryl aldehyde, malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate and phthalhydrazide catalyzed by water extract of papaya bark ash (WEPBA) solvent medium under microwave irradiation is described. The catalytic medium is used environmentally friendly, and provides several benefits of being simple, inexpensive, high yield, simple work-up and not required hazardous solvent for the reaction. Some of the selected derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, H-1-, and C-13-NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques. The oxidation-reduction properties of the synthesized compounds (4b, 4e, 4f, 4i, and 4k and 6f, 6g, 6h, 6i, and 6j) were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The voltammetry peak current for the oxidation-reduction of the compounds examined at different scan rates. Further, some of the selected 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives were evaluated in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH assay method. The result appears that, compounds 4b, 4e, 4i, 6f, 6g, and 6h possess significant antioxidant properties in comparison with the ascorbic acid reference.

Automated summary

In this study, 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione was synthesized through a condensation reaction of aryl aldehyde, malononitrile, or ethyl cyanoacetate, and phthalhydrazide catalyzed by water extract of papaya bark ash (WEPBA) solvent medium under microwave irradiation. The catalytic medium is environmentally friendly, simple, inexpensive, high yielding, and does not require hazardous solvent. Some derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques. The synthesized compounds were studied for their oxidation-reduction properties and in vitro antioxidant activity.