4.3 Article

Temporal dynamics and environmental drivers of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) densities in the northeast Chukchi Sea

Journal

POLAR BIOLOGY
Volume 46, Issue 6, Pages 573-588

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03150-8

Keywords

Acoustic backscatter; Polar cod; Chukchi Sea; Arctic pelagic ecosystem

Ask authors/readers for more resources

The Chukchi Sea pelagic ecosystem is experiencing significant changes due to reduced sea ice and increased temperatures. This study examines the effects of these changes on polar cod and identifies the environmental factors driving their densities. The results show that polar cod densities are higher and occur earlier in years with early sea ice retreat and higher water temperatures.
The Chukchi Sea pelagic ecosystem continues to undergo dramatic oceanographic changes associated with reductions in sea ice and increasing temperatures over the last decades. Impacts of these changes on polar cod (Boreogadus saida), an ice-associated pelagic fish that constitutes a key energetic link between lower and upper trophic levels, remain uncertain. Here, we use 4 years (2016-2019) of high-resolution acoustic and oceanographic data from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory to characterize temporal patterns in polar cod densities and identify its environmental drivers in years with contrasting sea ice and temperature conditions. Polar cod densities were 2-16 times greater with peaks occurring 14-60 days earlier in years with early sea ice retreat and higher water temperatures (2017 and 2019). The variance to mean relationship showed a decrease in variance for larger abundances in warmer years. Increased densities occurring earlier in the summer are attributed to a combination of earlier and increased transport of polar cod eggs and larvae from spawning areas, enhanced local primary and secondary production, and increased growth rates of fish due to higher temperatures. Earlier sea ice retreat and increases in temperature could temporarily benefit polar cod production in the NE Chukchi Sea but potential changes in prey quality, mismatch between polar cod and its prey, and increased competition with boreal fish species could have detrimental effects on polar cod populations with further warming. Such effects on polar cod populations could propagate through pelagic Arctic food webs impacting higher trophic levels and human communities.

Authors

I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.3
Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty
-
Significance
-
Scientific rigor
-
Rate this paper

Recommended

No Data Available
No Data Available