Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human Alzheimer's disease brain samples reveals neuronal and glial specific cells differential expression

Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurological disease worldwide. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective treatment methods nor early detection methods. Furthermore, the disease underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Global bulk gene expression profiling suggested that the disease is governed by diverse transcriptional regulatory networks. Thus, to identify distinct transcriptional networks impacted into distinct neuronal populations in Alzheimer, we surveyed gene expression differences in over 25,000 single-nuclei collected from the brains of two Alzheimer's in disease patients in Braak stage I and II and age- and gender-matched controls hippocampal brain samples. APOE status was not measured for this study samples (as well as CERAD and THAL scores). Our bioinformatic analysis identified discrete glial, immune, neuronal and vascular cell populations spanning Alzheimer's disease and controls. Astrocytes and microglia displayed the greatest transcriptomic impacts, with the induction of both shared and distinct gene programs.

Automated summary

Alzheimer's disease is a common neurological disease worldwide with no effective treatment or early detection methods. The molecular mechanisms of the disease are poorly understood, but global gene expression profiling has suggested that it is governed by diverse transcriptional regulatory networks. Through analyzing gene expression differences in single-nuclei collected from the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients and controls, we identified distinct populations of glial, immune, neuronal, and vascular cells affected by the disease.