Comparing the kinetics of ionized and neutral atoms from single and multi-element laser-produced plasmas

Kinetics of ion and neutral atom emission features were compared for nanosecond laser-produced plasmas generated from several metal targets (i.e., Al, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta) and an alloy containing all of these as principal alloying elements. Plasmas were produced by focusing 6 ns, 1064 nm pulses from an Nd:YAG laser on the targets of interest in a vacuum. A Faraday cup was used for collecting ion temporal features while spatially and temporally resolved emission spectroscopy was used for measuring the optical time of flight of various neutral atomic transitions. Our results highlight that most probable ion and atom velocities decay with increasing atomic mass. Trends for ions from the alloy target represent a weighted average where all ions contribute. For both ions and atoms, velocities decrease with increasing heat of vaporization and melting temperature, consistent with the thermal mechanisms that contribute to nanosecond laser ablation. Kinetic energies for neutral atoms from pure metal targets have some variability with atomic mass, whereas kinetic energies for atoms from the alloy target are more similar. These more similar kinetic energies observed for neutral atoms in the multi-element plasma may be attributed to collisions between species from all elements in the Knudsen layer.

Automated summary

The kinetics of ion and neutral atom emissions in nanosecond laser-produced plasmas were investigated for different metal targets and an alloy. It was found that the most probable velocities of ions and atoms decrease with increasing atomic mass. The velocities of ions from the alloy target represent a weighted average of all ions. Both ions and atoms exhibit decreased velocities with increasing heat of vaporization and melting temperature. The kinetic energies of neutral atoms from pure metal targets have some variability with atomic mass, whereas those from the alloy target are more similar, possibly due to collisions between species in the Knudsen layer.