Collective Radiation of a Cascaded Quantum System: From Timed Dicke States to Inverted Ensembles

The collective absorption and emission of light by an ensemble of atoms is at the heart of many fundamental quantum optical effects and the basis for numerous applications. However, beyond weak excitation, both experiment and theory become increasingly challenging. Here, we explore the regimes from weak excitation to inversion with ensembles of up to 1000 atoms that are trapped and optically interfaced using the evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber. We realize full inversion, with about 80% of the atoms being excited, and study their subsequent radiative decay into the guided modes. The data are very well-described by a simple model that assumes a cascaded interaction of the guided light with the atoms. Our results contribute to the fundamental understanding of the collective interaction of light and matter and are relevant for applications ranging from quantum memories to sources of nonclassical light to optical frequency standards.

Automated summary

This study investigates the interaction of light and matter in ensembles of up to 1000 atoms, from weak excitation to inversion, using the evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber. The results contribute to the understanding of collective light-matter interactions and have implications for applications such as quantum memories, non-classical light sources, and optical frequency standards.