Dynamics of Stripe Patterns in Supersolid Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose Gases

Despite ground-breaking observations of supersolidity in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, until now the dynamics of the emerging spatially periodic density modulations has been vastly unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the nonrigidity of the density stripes in such a supersolid condensate and explore their dynamic behavior subject to spin perturbations. We show both analytically in infinite systems and numerically in the presence of a harmonic trap how spin waves affect the supersolid's density profile in the form of crystal waves, inducing oscillations of the periodicity as well as the orientation of the fringes. Both these features are well within reach of present-day experiments. Our results show that this system is a paradigmatic supersolid, featuring superfluidity in conjunction with a fully dynamic crystalline structure.

Automated summary

In this study, the nonrigidity and dynamic behavior of density stripes in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with supersolidity are explored. Both analytical and numerical analysis demonstrate that spin waves induce crystal wave-like oscillations in the density profile, affecting the periodicity and orientation of the fringes. These findings highlight the paradigmatic nature of this system as a supersolid with a fully dynamic crystalline structure.