A NEW ECHIMYIDAE (RODENTIA, HYSTRICOMORPHA) FROM THE LATE MIOCENE OF SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA

A new genus of echimyid rodent, dagger Ullumys, from the uppermost Miocene of northwestern Argentina is described. It includes two species, dagger U. pattoni, sp.nov., and dagger Ullumys intermedius, nov. comb. dagger Ullumys pattoni is known from a skull fragment and the corresponding right hemimandible coming from levels of Loma de Las Tapias Formation, underlying a tuff dated at 7.0 +/- 0.9 Ma (Huayquerian age, San Juan Province). dagger Ullumys intermedius is represented by a left hemimandible from the 'Araucanense' of Valle de Santa Maria (Huayquerian age, Catamarca Province). A phylogenetic analysis in the context of octodontoids linked dagger Ullumys to the clade subtended by the extinct echimyids dagger Pampamys and dagger Eumysops and the living Thrichomys. dagger Ullumys has a peculiar craniomandibular morphology, shared only with dagger Eumysops among the Octodontoidea, involving specializations to open environments such as large and posteriorly extended orbits and related low mandibular condyles. Phylogenetic relationships of dagger Ullumys support the hypothesis that echimyids recorded since the latest Miocene in southern South America, and linked to those currently inhabiting Brazilian open biomes, represent a marginal sample of the great diversity evolving primarily in northern tropical areas.