Ultrasensitive optical modulation in hybrid metal-perovskite and metal-graphene metasurface THz devices

Implementation of efficient terahertz (THz) wave control is essential for THz technology development for applications including sixth-generation communications and THz sensing. Therefore, realization of tunable THz devices with large-scale intensity modulation capabilities is highly desirable. By integrating perovskite and graphene with a metallic asymmetric metasurface, two ultrasensitive devices for dynamic THz wave manipulation through low-power optical excitation are demonstrated experimentally here. The perovskite-based hybrid metadevice offers ultrasensitive modulation with a maximum modulation depth for the transmission amplitude reaching 190.2% at the low optical pump power of 5.90 mW/cm2. Additionally, a maximum modulation depth of 227.11% is achieved in the graphene-based hybrid metadevice at a power density of 18.87 mW/cm2. This work paves the way toward design and development of ultrasensitive devices for optical modulation of THz waves.

Automated summary

This article experimentally demonstrates two ultrasensitive devices for dynamic terahertz (THz) wave manipulation through low-power optical excitation, by integrating perovskite and graphene with a metallic asymmetric metasurface. The perovskite-based hybrid metadevice achieves a maximum modulation depth of 190.2% for transmission amplitude at a low optical pump power of 5.90 mW/cm2, while the graphene-based hybrid metadevice achieves a maximum modulation depth of 227.11% at a power density of 18.87 mW/cm2. This work paves the way for the design and development of ultrasensitive devices for optical modulation of THz waves.