The association of prediabetes with dietary patterns, life behavior and cardiovascular risk factors among adult population without previously diagnosed non-communicable diseases

Background and aims: Prediabetes and its risk factors are difficult to recognize because there may be no clear symptoms in that stage of diabetes mellitus (DM) progression. This cross-sectional study aims to examine associations between prediabetes and potential risk factors among adult population without previously diagnosed non-communicable diseases.Methods and results: Study participants (n Z 30823) were selected all over China. Their dietary, life behavior and laboratory data were obtained through questionnaires, physical examination or biochemical measurement. Factor analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Non -proportional odds model was applied to analyze associations between those data and stages of DM progression. The prevalence of prediabetes and DM was 20.6% and 4.5%, respectively. Two dietary patterns were identified: the first pattern was characterized by high consumption of diverse plant-and animal-based food items, and the second pattern was characterized by high consumption of starchy food items. The risk of prediabetes was inversely associated with suffi-cient sleep duration (OR: 0.939, 95% CI: 0.888-0.993) and the second pattern (OR: 0.882, 95% CI: 0.850-0.914), but not significantly associated with the first pattern (OR: 1.030, 95% CI: 0.995-1.06 7). High density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely associated with DM risk (OR: 0.811, 95% CI: 0.667-0.986) but not prediabetes (OR: 1.035, 95% CI: 0.942-1.137). Conclusions: The prevalence of undetected prediabetes was high among adult population, and some factors may exert different effects on different stages of DM progression. Dietary diversity, which was reflected by the first pattern to a certain extent, may be not significantly associated with risk of prediabetes.(c) 2023 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Ital-ian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between prediabetes and potential risk factors among adults without previously diagnosed non-communicable diseases. The study found a high prevalence of undetected prediabetes among the adult population, and some factors may have different effects on different stages of diabetes mellitus progression. Additionally, dietary diversity may not be significantly associated with the risk of prediabetes.