A historical review of pain disparities research: Advancing toward health equity and empowerment

Background and Purpose: This theory-guided review draws on 30 years of published data to examine and interrogate the current and future state of pain disparities research.Methods: Using the Hierarchy of Health Disparity Research framework, we synthe-size and present an overview of three generations of pain disparities scholar-ship, while proposing directions for adopting a fourth generation that redefines, explains, and theorizes future pain disparities research in a diverse society. Discussion: Prior research has focused on describing the scope of disparities, and throughout the historical context of human existence, racialized groups have been subjected to inadequate pain care. It is imperative that research not only illuminates existing problems but also provides solutions that can be imple-mented and sustained across varying social milieus.Conclusion: We must invest in new theoretical models that expand on current per-spectives and ideals that position all individuals at the forefront of justice and equity in their health.Cite this article: Booker, S.Q., Baker, T.A., Esiaka, D., Minahan, J.A., Engel, I.J., Banerjee, K., & Poitevien, M. (2023, May/June). A historical review of pain disparities research: Advancing toward health equity and empowerment. Nurs Outlook, 71(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2023.101965.

Automated summary

This theory-guided review examines the current and future state of pain disparities research based on 30 years of published data. It proposes directions for adopting a fourth generation of research that redefines and theorizes future pain disparities in a diverse society. Previous research has focused on describing disparities and the inadequate pain care experienced by racialized groups throughout history. It is important for research to not only illuminate existing problems but also provide implementable and sustainable solutions across different social contexts.