Commensal bacteria fight colorectal cancer

Summary: Gut microbiota plays a vital role in colorectal cancer progression, with tissue-resident commensal bacteria affecting CRC immune surveillance. This study identified specific bacteria in both normal and tumor colon tissues of CRC patients, showing an enrichment of Lachnospiraceae family in normal tissues and of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pep-tostreptococcus anaerobius in tumor tissues. The tissue-resident Rg and Bp bacteria were found to inhibit colon tumor growth and enhance the activation of CD8+ T cells, promoting immune surveillance function. These bacteria degraded lyso-glycerophospholipids that inhibited CD8+ T cell activity, and their injection abrogated lyso-glycerophospholipid-induced tumor growth.