4.8 Review

Emerging monoelemental 2D materials (Xenes) for biosensor applications

Journal

NANO RESEARCH
Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 7030-7052

Publisher

TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5418-3

Keywords

Xenes; fabrication method; general properties; biosignal detection; biosensors

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Currently, numerous monoelemental two-dimensional materials, called Xenes, have been extensively studied and have shown great potential for applications in photoelectric and biomedicine fields. These materials have unique structural characteristics and excellent properties, including high optical response capability and large specific surface area. In particular, Xenes have diverse utilization as biosensors for nucleic acid sequencing, bioactive detection, and cancer diagnosis.
Currently, numerous monoelemental two-dimensional (2D) materials, called Xenes, have been discovered, including graphyne (GD), silicene, germanene, arsenene, and borophene. Their structures, fabrication methods, as well as properties have been extensively explored. Based on their single -element composition, high optical response capability, excellent electrical -optical properties, large specific surface area (SSA) and easy modification, Xenes have been widely used in photoelectric applications (detection, modulation, light processing) and biomedicine (biological sensing, drug loading, bioimaging, etc.). Especially in the field of biomedicine, Xenes are expected to induce a great breakthrough. In this review, we introduce the structural characteristics, synthesis and modification methods of several common Xenes respectively. The general properties including optical, electronic, physical and chemical properties of Xenes are summarized. Theft diverse utilization as biosensors for nucleic acid sequencing, bioactive detection, and cancer diagnosis, etc. are also explicitly explored. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of Xenes in biosensor are discussed.

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