Cleaning the environment with MXenes

Rapid global industrialization constantly impacts the environment by discharging pollutants. Therefore, various materials are currently being investigated for environmental applications, including two-dimensional (2D) MXenes. Herein, we focus on MXene-enabled technologies for removing inorganic and organic contaminants present in gaseous and liquid forms, especially organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and solid pollutants. We foresee a considerable potential for MXene-enabled technologies to remove heavy ions and radionuclides and recover precious elements. We show that MXenes could efficiently inactivate microorganisms without harming the environment. Finally, we discuss the associated opportunities and challenges in MXenes' surface chemistry, semiconducting activity, interfacial effects, adsorption, and photocatalysis. Altogether, this article showcases outstanding opportunities for MXenes in the rapidly growing field of environmental applications.

Automated summary

Rapid global industrialization has led to the discharge of pollutants, prompting research into various materials for environmental applications, such as two-dimensional MXenes. This article focuses on MXene-enabled technologies for removing inorganic and organic contaminants, especially organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and solid pollutants, in gaseous and liquid forms. The study highlights the potential of MXenes in removing heavy ions, radionuclides, and recovering valuable elements. Additionally, MXenes are found to efficiently inactivate microorganisms without harming the environment. The article also discusses the opportunities and challenges related to MXenes' surface chemistry, semiconducting activity, interfacial effects, adsorption, and photocatalysis. Overall, it highlights the significant opportunities for MXenes in the rapidly growing field of environmental applications.