KMT-2022-BLG-0440Lb: A new q < 10-4 microlensing planet with the central-resonant caustic degeneracy broken

We present the observations and analysis of a high-magnification microlensing planetary event, KMT-2022-BLG-0440, for which the weak and short-lived planetary signal was covered by both the KMTNet survey and follow-up observations. The binary-lens models with a central caustic provide the best fits, with a planet/host mass ratio, q = 0.75-1.00 x10(-4) at 1(sigma). The binary-lens models with a resonant caustic and a brown-dwarf mass ratio are both excluded by Delta(2)(X) > 70. The binary-source model can fit the anomaly well but is rejected by the `colour argument' on the second source. From Bayesian analyses, it is estimated that the host star is likely a K or M dwarf located in the Galactic disc, the planet probably has a Neptune-mass, and the projected planet-host separation is 1.9(0.7)(+0.6) or 4.6(1.7)(+1.4) au, subject to the close/wide degeneracy. This is the third q < 10-4 planet from a high-magnification planetary signal ( A greater than or similar to 65). Together with another such planet, KMT-2021-BLG-0171Lb, the ongoing follow-up program for the KMTNet high-magnification events has demonstrated its ability to detect high-magnification planetary signals for q < 10 (4) planets, which are challenging for the current microlensing surveys.

Automated summary

We present observations and analysis of a high-magnification microlensing planetary event, KMT-2022-BLG-0440, which was covered by both the KMTNet survey and follow-up observations. The best fits were provided by binary-lens models with a central caustic, indicating a planet/host mass ratio of q = 0.75-1.00 x10(-4) at 1(sigma). The ability of the ongoing follow-up program for the KMTNet high-magnification events to detect challenging q < 10 (4) planets has been demonstrated.