Halo heating from fluctuating gas in a model dwarf

The cold dark matter (CDM) structure formation scenario faces challenges on (sub)galactic scales, central among them being the 'cusp-core' problem. A known remedy, driving CDM out of Galactic Centres, invokes interactions with baryons, through fluctuations in the gravitational potential arising from feedback or orbiting clumps of gas or stars. Here, we interpret core formation in a hydrodynamic simulation in terms of a theoretical formulation, which may be considered a generalization of Chandrasekhar's theory of two body relaxation to the case when the density fluctuations do not arise from white noise; it presents a simple characterization of the effects of complex hydrodynamics and 'subgrid physics'. The power spectrum of gaseous fluctuations is found to follow a power law over a range of scales, appropriate for a fully turbulent compressible medium. The potential fluctuations leading to core formation are nearly normally distributed, which allows for the energy transfer leading to core formation to be described as a standard diffusion process, initially increasing the velocity dispersion of test particles as in Chandrasekhar's theory. We calculate the energy transfer from the fluctuating gas to the halo and find it consistent with theoretical expectations. We also examine how the initial kinetic energy input to halo particles is redistributed to form a core. The temporal mass decrease inside the forming core may be fit by an exponential form; a simple prescription based on our model associates the characteristic time-scale with an energy relaxation time. We compare the resulting theoretical density distribution with that in the simulation.

Automated summary

The cold dark matter (CDM) structure formation faces challenges on small scales, particularly the 'cusp-core' problem. Interactions with baryons, such as feedback or orbiting clumps of gas or stars, can drive CDM out of Galactic Centres. Core formation in a hydrodynamic simulation is interpreted using a theoretical formulation, which characterizes the effects of complex hydrodynamics and 'subgrid physics'. The power spectrum of gaseous fluctuations follows a power law over a range of scales, suitable for a fully turbulent compressible medium.