Ethoxy Groups on ZrO2, CuO, CuO/ZrO2 Al2O3, Ga2O3, SiO2 and NiO: Formation and Reactivity

The reaction of ethanol with surface OH groups on ZrO2, CuO/ZrO2, CuO, Al2O3, Ga2O3, NiO, and SiO2 was studied by IR spectroscopy. The basicity of oxides was followed by CO2 adsorption, and their ability to oxidize was investigated by H-2-TPR. It has been found that ethanol reacts with surface OH groups forming ethoxy groups and water. Some oxides: ZrO2, CuO/ZrO2, Al2O3, and Ga2O3 contain several kinds of OH groups (terminal, bidentate, and tridentate) and terminal hydroxyls react with ethanol in the first order. Two kinds of ethoxyls are formed on these oxides: monodental and bidental ones. On the other hand, only one kind of ethoxy group is formed on CuO and NiO. The amount of ethoxy groups correlates with the basicity of oxides. The biggest amount of ethoxyls is produced on the most basic: ZrO2, CuO/ZrO2, and Al2O3, whereas the smallest amount of ethoxyls is produced on CuO, NiO, and Ga2O3, i.e., on oxides of lower basicity. SiO2 does not form ethoxy groups. Above 370 K ethoxy groups on CuO/ZrO2, CuO, and NiO are oxidized to acetate ions. The ability of oxides to oxidize ethoxyl groups increases in the order NiO < CuO < CuO/ZrO2. The temperature of the peak in the H-2-TPR diagram decreases in the same order.

Automated summary

The reaction of ethanol with various oxides was studied using IR spectroscopy. Ethanol reacts with surface OH groups on certain oxides to form ethoxy groups and water. The amount and types of ethoxy groups formed depend on the basicity of the oxides. Oxides with higher basicity produce more ethoxy groups, while oxides with lower basicity produce fewer ethoxy groups. The ability of oxides to oxidize the ethoxy groups and the temperature of the oxidation peak in the H-2-TPR diagram follow a similar trend, with CuO/ZrO2 showing the highest oxidation ability.