4.5 Article

The quantity and quality of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies show contrariwise association with COVID-19 severity: lessons learned from IgG avidity

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Serologic Status and SARS-CoV-2 Infection over 6 Months of Follow Up in Healthcare Workers in Chicago: A Cohort Study

John T. Wilkins et al.

Summary: The study found that seropositivity in healthcare workers is associated with moderate protection from future SARS-CoV-2 infection. During follow-up, some healthcare workers experienced seroconversion from negative to positive, as well as possible reinfection cases.

INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (2022)

Review Immunology

Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment and Vaccine Development

Alessandra Mallano et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the main findings regarding the humoral immune response to COVID-19, focusing on levels and kinetics of antibodies in infected patients, as well as the specificity spectrum and neutralizing potential. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of these humoral response characteristics on serologic testing, convalescent plasma therapy, and neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment, while also providing updates on specific neutralizing antibodies and suggestions for vaccine evaluation and development.

INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS OF IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Article Virology

Avidity of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 RBD as a Prognostic Factor for the Severity of COVID-19 Reinfection

Victor Manuylov et al.

Summary: The avidity index (AI) of IgG to the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 was higher in patients with mild reinfection than primary infection, indicating a positive correlation with disease severity. Meanwhile, patients with low-avidity antibodies during reinfection were more likely to develop severe forms of COVID-19.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Different long-term avidity maturation for IgG anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Laura Heireman et al.

Summary: The study measured SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentration and avidity in serum samples from COVID-19 patients, finding that anti-nucleocapsid IgG matures faster and decreases in avidity faster than anti-spike IgG, indicating different kinetics between the two types of IgG antibodies. Affinity maturation after SARS-CoV-2 infection is often incomplete.

ACTA CLINICA BELGICA (2022)

Article Immunology

High Titers of Low Affinity Antibodies in COVID-19 Patients Are Associated With Disease Severity

Jan Hendriks et al.

Summary: This study investigates the humoral antibody response in COVID-19 patients and its impact on disease progression. The findings suggest that antibody titers are positively associated with disease severity, while binding strength decreases with increasing severity. In critically ill patients, there is also a positive association between antibody titers and symptoms such as pulmonary embolism.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

Review Virology

The variability of the serological response to SARS-corona virus-2: Potential resolution of ambiguity through determination of avidity (functional affinity)

Georg Bauer

Summary: Analysis of 16 recent reports on the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 showed high variability, with IgM and IgG responses unable to clearly distinguish early, intermediate, and past infections. A proposed model explains this variability and suggests the potential use of avidity determination for various diagnostic and epidemiological applications, including COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination program control.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

The potential significance of high avidity immunoglobulin G (IgG) for protective immunity towards SARS-CoV-2

Georg Bauer

Summary: Avidity plays a crucial role in determining the strength of binding between IgG and its target epitope. The lack of high avidity IgG may lead to insufficient protective immunity. It is suggested to include avidity determination in evaluating vaccination protocols for SARS-CoV-2 to achieve truly protective immunity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Virology

The challenge of avidity determination in SARS-CoV-2 serology

Georg Bauer et al.

Summary: Serological responses towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins show incomplete avidity maturation, but can still help define infection stages. Responses to seasonal coronaviruses do not generally impact SARS-CoV-2 serology, and avidity determination can differentiate between them.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Editorial Material Immunology

Avidity assay to test functionality of anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies

Emanuelle Baldo Gaspar et al.

VACCINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody affinity maturation and plasma IgA associate with clinical outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Juanjie Tang et al.

Summary: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit a wide range of clinical symptoms, with fatal cases showing high levels of inflammatory markers and antibodies compared to non-ICU survivors. Immune responses such as antibody binding and maturation play a crucial role in disease resolution. Understanding these immune parameters could aid in the development of vaccines and therapeutics against COVID-19.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Role of IgG against N-protein of SARS-CoV2 in COVID19 clinical outcomes

Mayank Batra et al.

Summary: This study found that titers of IgG targeting N-protein of SARS-CoV2 at admission are related to the clinical course of the disease. Higher CCI and IL6 levels were independently associated with in-hospital mortality while maintaining a high S/Co ratio (>1.5) also led to MICU admission and longer hospital stays.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Ani Nalbandian et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing global healthcare crises. Recovery from COVID-19 may lead to persistent symptoms and long-term complications, prompting the need for multidisciplinary care and follow-up for survivors.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

SARS-CoV-2 IgG response in symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19-infected healthcare workers

E. Cordova et al.

Summary: The study found that symptomatic and older healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 are more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, with a higher positivity rate compared to asymptomatic cases. The positivity rate does not decrease over time. Only a history of COVID-19 symptoms and age are identified as independent factors associated with the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.

OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD (2021)

Article Biology

Antibody profile in symptomatic/asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected Saudi persons

Essam H. Ibrahim et al.

Summary: The study found that both symptomatic and asymptomatic Saudi individuals infected with the novel coronavirus have IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, with higher titers in symptomatic patients. Using N + S proteins as antibody capture antigens in ELISA greatly increased detectability of infection.

SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

Article Microbiology

Predicting COVID-19 Severity with a Specific Nucleocapsid Antibody plus Disease Risk Factor Score

Sanjana R. Sen et al.

Summary: This study identified antibody epitopes associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes and introduced a disease risk factor score for early identification and triage of high-risk patients, showing a 96.7% specificity in predicting severe disease outcomes. This information could guide more effective therapeutic intervention for COVID-19 patients.

MSPHERE (2021)

Article Immunology

The unique biology of germinal center B cells

Clara Young et al.

IMMUNITY (2021)

Article Immunology

Temporal maturation of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent individuals improves potency and breadth to circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants

Saya Moriyama et al.

Summary: Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 decrease over time, but the neutralizing potency against the original virus and variants actually improves with time. Late convalescent antibodies show increased neutralization potency against variants, suggesting that antibody response maturation enhances cross-neutralizing ability against circulating variants. This indicates that declining antibody titers may not necessarily mean declining protection.

IMMUNITY (2021)

Article Virology

Vaccination versus infection with SARS-CoV-2: Establishment of a high avidity IgG response versus incomplete avidity maturation

Friedhelm Struck et al.

Summary: The study confirmed incomplete avidity maturation of IgG in COVID-19 patients towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins, potentially hindering the establishment of herd immunity and facilitating secondary infections. In contrast, vaccination with BioNTech mRNA vaccine rapidly induced high avidity in SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in promoting avidity maturation and immunity.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression

Puja Mehta et al.

LANCET (2020)

Review Virology

COVID-19 Vaccines: Warp Speed Needs Mind Melds, Not Warped Minds

John P. Moore et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2020)

Letter Infectious Diseases

Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19

Yang Liu et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Potent neutralizing antibodies against multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike

Lihong Liu et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections

Quan-Xin Long et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

Antibody responses after COVID-19 infection in patients who are mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic in Bangladesh

Tahmina Shirin et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Kinetics of viral load and antibody response in relation to COVID-19 severity

Yanqun Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

Article Virology

SARS-CoV-2-IgG response is different in COVID-19 outpatients and asymptomatic contact persons

Nele Wellinghausen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Avidity Responses in COVID-19 Patients and Convalescent Plasma Donors

Sarah E. Benner et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A systematic review

Nathan Post et al.

PLOS ONE (2020)

Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Comparison of different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods for avidity determination of antiphospholipid antibodies

Lenka Fialova et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS (2017)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Description of a novel multiplex avidity assay for evaluating HPV antibodies

Allison M. Brady et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS (2017)

Review Immunology

Role of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG Avidity Testing in Diagnosing Primary CMV Infection during Pregnancy

Harry E. Prince et al.

CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

Review Virology

The Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Is a Multifunctional Protein

Ruth McBride et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2014)

Review Immunology

Germinal Centers

Gabriel D. Victora et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY, VOL 30 (2012)