Detect the stiffness transition in beam structures by using the passive tap-scan method

Damage detection of bridges through the response of a passing vehicle has drawn much attention in recent years. Most related researches focus on the impact of the bridge stiffness on vehicle responses. However, this paper demonstrates that the vehicle response is more sensitive to the stiffness transition in bridge girders. The theoretical basis is established on a vehicle-bridge interaction model, in which the change of an effective vehicle stiffness is introduced to repre-sent the change of beam stiffness. The solution to this problem clearly shows that the acceleration of vehicle has an abrupt change at the stiffness transition point due to the discontinuity of the stiffness gradient. This effect will be enhanced when applying a tapping force near the vehicle resonance frequency. This tapping force can be economically generated by coordinating the vehicle velocity and the geometric pattern of toothed wheels, which was called the passive tap -scan method in a recent paper. This theory also reveals that the amplitude of the acceleration of vehicle is a quadratic function of the stiffness change ratio. Hence, a novel damage detection method is proposed to give a quantitative evaluation of the damage. These theoretical findings are quantitatively verified by numerical simulations and experimental tests on a standard pre-stressed concrete T-beam. Then, the practical capability of this damage detection method is further demonstrated through a field test on a real bridge.

Automated summary

The response of passing vehicles has become a popular method for bridge damage detection. Previous research mainly focused on the impact of bridge stiffness on vehicle responses. However, this paper shows that vehicle responses are more sensitive to stiffness transitions in bridge girders. By introducing the concept of effective vehicle stiffness, the authors established a theoretical basis and demonstrated that the acceleration of the vehicle has an abrupt change at stiffness transition points. This effect is enhanced when a tapping force, generated through vehicle velocity and toothed wheel patterns, is applied near the vehicle resonance frequency. The paper also proposes a novel damage detection method based on the quadratic relationship between the acceleration amplitude and stiffness change ratio, which is verified through numerical simulations, experimental tests, and field tests.