Fibrin and Marine-Derived Agaroses for the Generation of Human Bioartificial Tissues: An Ex Vivo and In Vivo Study

Development of an ideal biomaterial for clinical use is one of the main objectives of current research in tissue engineering. Marine-origin polysaccharides, in particular agaroses, have been widely explored as scaffolds for tissue engineering. We previously developed a biomaterial based on a combination of agarose with fibrin, that was successfully translated to clinical practice. However, in search of novel biomaterials with improved physical and biological properties, we have now generated new fibrin-agarose (FA) biomaterials using 5 different types of agaroses at 4 different concentrations. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects and the biomechanical properties of these biomaterials. Then, each bioartificial tissue was grafted in vivo and histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed after 30 days. Ex vivo evaluation showed high biocompatibility and differences in their biomechanical properties. In vivo, FA tissues were biocompatible at the systemic and local levels, and histological analyses showed that biointegration was associated to a pro-regenerative process with M2-type CD206-positive macrophages. These results confirm the biocompatibility of FA biomaterials and support their clinical use for the generation of human tissues by tissue engineering, with the possibility of selecting specific agarose types and concentrations for applications requiring precise biomechanical properties and in vivo reabsorption times.

Automated summary

Marine-origin polysaccharides, especially agarose, have been extensively studied as scaffolds for tissue engineering. We have developed new fibrin-agarose (FA) biomaterials using different types and concentrations of agaroses, which showed high biocompatibility and varied biomechanical properties. In vivo experiments demonstrated the biocompatibility of FA tissues and histological analysis indicated a pro-regenerative process with M2-type CD206-positive macrophages. These findings confirm the clinical potential of FA biomaterials for tissue engineering applications, allowing for the selection of specific agarose types and concentrations to meet desired biomechanical properties and in vivo reabsorption times.