The upper Pleistocene (1.8-0.7 Ma) explosive eruptive history of Las Can?adas, ocean-island volcano, Tenerife

While most ocean-island volcanism is effusive, recent evidence has demonstrated that intraplate ocean island volcanoes can exhibit protracted explosive histories, with catastrophic eruption styles and hazardous behaviour more typically associated with volcanoes in continental and plate-margin settings. Tenerife is the largest explosive ocean-island volcano on Earth, with a prolonged (-2 Ma) post-erosional history of caldera-forming, plinian and ignimbrite eruptions of evolved composition. The 0.7-1.8 Ma succession with 20 newly defined formations is reported for southern Tenerife, Canary Islands. In the last 2 Myr, the Las Can similar to adas volcano has produced >42 pumice-fall eruptions, 21 with extensive ignimbrites, and 12 inferred caldera collapse events. Pyroclastic density currents have repeatedly travelled more than15 km from source to the ocean, filling valleys and burying extensive interfluves. A robust whole-rock chemistry dataset, selected mineral chemistry, coupled with new 40Ar/39Ar ages of units through the pyroclastic stratigraphy, allow recognition of magmatic trends within the system on the order of 100 ky. The catastrophic explosive eruptions form three, 0.2-0.5 Myr-duration clusters (the Ucanca, Guajara and Diego-Hernandez) that do not appear to correspond simply with geochemical cycles, or to cycles of increasing eruption size or explosivity as has been previously proposed. During the clusters, large eruption frequencies averaged 1 every 20-45 kyrs. The eruption clusters were separated by hiatuses of-240-260 kyr, recorded by soils and unconformities, and may reflect marked changes in geographic dispersals following giant landslide breaches in Las Can similar to adas caldera wall. Two concurrent evolutionary magmatic trends are distinguished: one producing crystal-rich magmas, the other formed the cooler crystal-poor magmas: both spanned over a million years until 0.66 Ma, when the former ceased.

Automated summary

Recent evidence has shown that intraplate ocean island volcanoes can have prolonged explosive histories and exhibit hazardous behaviors similar to volcanoes in continental and plate-margin settings. Tenerife, the largest explosive ocean-island volcano on Earth, has a history of caldera-forming, plinian, and ignimbrite eruptions. The volcanic activity in southern Tenerife over the past 2 million years has included pumice-fall eruptions, extensive ignimbrites, and caldera collapse events. The eruption clusters in Tenerife occurred every 20-45 thousand years, separated by hiatuses of 240-260 thousand years.