Determining the optimal radiation-surgery interval (RSI) for oncologic proctectomy following radiotherapy for rectal adenocarcinoma

Preoperative radiotherapy has improved outcomes in rectal cancer patients, however, the optimal interval between radiation and proctectomy is unknown. A review of contemporary literature suggests an 8-12 week interval between radiation and surgery likely improves tumor response rates for rectal cancer patients undergoing proctectomy, which may convey modest improvements in long-term oncologic outcomes. Prolonged radiation-surgery intervals may expose surgeons to pelvic fibrosis, however, which may impact later-term proctectomies and compromise perioperative and oncologic outcomes.

Automated summary

Preoperative radiotherapy has been shown to improve outcomes in rectal cancer patients, but the optimal interval between radiation and proctectomy is unknown. A review of contemporary literature suggests that an 8-12 week interval between radiation and surgery may improve tumor response rates and long-term oncologic outcomes. However, prolonged radiation-surgery intervals may impact later-term proctectomies and compromise perioperative and oncologic outcomes due to pelvic fibrosis.